Χρήστης:Protnet/πρόχειρο/Linux Mint

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Features[Επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]

Linux Mint primarily utilizes free and open-source software, making exceptions for some proprietary software, such as plug-ins and codecs that provide Adobe Flash, MP3, and DVD playback.[1][2][3] Linux Mint's inclusion of proprietary software is a bit unusual; many Linux distributions do not include proprietary software by default, as a common goal for Linux distributions is to adhere to the model of free and open-source software.

Linux Mint comes with a wide range of software installed that includes LibreOffice, Firefox, Thunderbird, HexChat, Pidgin, Transmission, GIMP, and Cheese. Additional software that is not installed by default can be downloaded using the package manager. Linux Mint allows networking ports to be closed using its firewall, with customized port selection available. The default Linux Mint desktop environments, MATE and Cinnamon, support many languages.[4][5] Linux Mint can also run many programs designed for Microsoft Windows (such as Microsoft Office), using the Wine Windows compatibility layer software for Linux, or virtualization software, including VMware Workstation and VirtualBox. As of version 16 there is an issue with multi-monitor support and Wine.

Linux Mint is available with a number of desktop environments to choose from, including the default Cinnamon desktop, MATE, KDE, and Xfce. Other desktop environments can be installed via APT, Synaptic, or via the custom Mint Software Manager.

Linux Mint actively develops software for its operating system. Most of the development is done in Python and the source code is available on GitHub.[6]

Software developed by Linux Mint[Επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]

The Linux Mint Update Manager.
The Linux Mint Software Manager allows users to view and install programs from the Software Portal directly from their desktop.
  • Cinnamon: A fork of GNOME Shell based on the innovations made in Mint Gnome Shell Extensions (MGSE). Released as an add-on for Linux Mint 12 and available as a default desktop environment since Linux Mint 13.[7]
  • MintTools
    • Διαχειριστής Λογισμικού (mintInstall): Runs .mint files, which are files containing instructions to install packages. From Linux Mint 6 this tool can download information on all the applications on the Mint Software Portal for offline viewing. Also enables installation of any of the programs listed directly from the desktop, instead of going to the site. The option to use the old mintInstall program is available; from the Ubuntu Repositories or the GetDeb.net website may be searched.
    • Διαχειριστής Ενημερώσεων (mintUpdate): Designed to prevent inexperienced users from installing updates that are unnecessary or require a certain level of knowledge to configure properly. It assigns updates a safety level (from 1 to 5), based on the stability and necessity of the update. Updates can be set to notify users (as is normal), be listed but not notify, or be hidden by default. In addition to including updates specifically for the Linux Mint distribution, the development team tests all package-wide updates.
    • Main Menu (mintMenu): A menu of options including filtering, installation and removal of software, system and places links, favorites, session management, editable items, custom places and many configuration options. Also ported to MATE in Linux Mint 12 (Lisa).[8]
    • Εργαλείο Αντιγράφων Ασφαλείας (mintBackup): Enables the user to back up and restore data. Data can be backed up before a fresh install of a newer release, then restored.
    • Διαχειριστής Αποστολής Αρχείων (mintUpload): Defines upload services for FTP, SFTP and SCP servers. Services are then available in the system tray and provide zones where they may be automatically uploaded to their corresponding destinations.
    • Μπλοκάρισμα Τομέα (mintNanny): A basic domain blocking parental control tool introduced with v6. Enables the user to manually add domains to be blocked system-wide.
    • Desktop Settings: A tool for configuration of the desktop.
    • Welcome screen (mintWelcome): Introduced in Linux Mint 7, an application that starts on the first login of any new account. It provides links to the Linux Mint website, user guide and community website.
    • Remastering tool (mintConstructor): A tool for remastering Linux Mint. It is not installed by default in any Linux Mint edition, but is included in the repositories and used by the developers for creating ISO files. Users can use this tool to create their own distribution based on Linux Mint.
  • Mint Gnome Shell Extensions (MGSE): A desktop layer on top of GNOME 3 to make it feel like GNOME 2, still popular within the Linux community when GNOME 3 was introduced. Includes a bottom panel, an application menu, the window list, task-centric desktop (i.e. switches between windows, not applications) and system tray icons. This was included in Linux Mint in version 12 (Lisa).[9][10]

Installation[Επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]

In the past, Linux Mint could be run without installation from a Live CD;.[11] As of 2014, due to a CD volume limitation, only Live DVDs are available. It can also be installed onto a computer from the DVD for a significant performance improvement, once confirmed compatible, using the provided Ubiquity installer.

Installation DVD images can be downloaded without charge, or installation DVDs purchased.[12][13] Linux Mint can be booted and run from a USB Flash drive on any PC capable of booting from a USB drive, with the option of saving settings to the flash drive. A USB creator program is available to install a Ubuntu (not LMDE) Live Linux Mint on a USB drive.

The Microsoft Windows Migration Assistant tool can be used to import bookmarks, desktop background (wallpaper), and various settings from an existing Windows installation into a new Linux Mint installation.

The Windows installer "Mint4Win" allows Linux Mint to be installed from within Microsoft Windows, much like the Wubi installer for Ubuntu. The operating system could then be removed, as with other Windows software, using the Windows Control Panel. This method requires no partitioning of the hard drive. It is only useful for Windows users, and is not meant for permanent installations because it incurs a slight performance loss. This installer was included on the Live DVD until Linux Mint 16, but removed in the Linux Mint 16 "Petra" release because the size of the Live DVD images would have exceeded what the software could reliably handle.

Installation supports a Logical Volume Manager (LVM) with automatic partitioning only, and disk encryption since Linux Mint 15.

UTF-8, the default character encoding, supports a variety of non-Roman scripts.

Upgrading[Επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]

Updates to packages are frequently released. Linux Mint by default checks for updates and offers to install them.

When a complete new release of Linux Mint is issued, a user has several options:

  • Do nothing. It is suggested that a system working satisfactorily need not be upgraded.[14]
  • Back up data and installed programs using mintBackup, overwrite the existing installation with the latest Mint, restore backups. Customisation must be redone, and any software not from the repositories must be reinstalled (e.g., settings in /etc and software in /opt and /usr/local). This is said to be safe, fast, reliable, and easy. The resulting system may differ in appearance or behaviour from the earlier one. If there are new hardware incompatibility or other issues, the previous version can be reinstalled.[14]
  • Pointing the Synaptic Package Manager (APT front-end) at the repositories of the newer release and performing a full upgrade. Compared to a backup and full reinstall this is slow, less reliable (depending upon changes from original state that have been made to the installed system), and may bring package conflicts and complex dependencies that must be resolved. The process is automatic; the end result is a system that looks and behaves as it did before. While backup is not required as part of the procedure, upgrading without backing up can cause loss of data in case of problems.[14]
  • Install the latest version from the DVD into the same directory as the existing one, with some minor adjustments. Settings and standard software will be preserved; any installed PPA (Ubuntu Personal Package Archive) or other special repository software will have to be reinstalled.[15]


Να δω[Επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]

  1. ↑ «Linux Mint FAQ: What about proprietary software?». 
  2. ↑ Vaughan-Nichols, Steven (6 Ιανουαρίου 2012). «Fedora, Mint, openSUSE, Ubuntu: Which Linux desktop is for you? - Computerworld». Computerworld. Ανακτήθηκε στις 17 Ιουλίου 2012. 
  3. ↑ «DistroWatch.com: Linux Mint». 
  4. ↑ «MATE Desktop Environment localization». Transifex. 
  5. ↑ «Cinnamon 1.4 released». 
  6. ↑ «The Linux Mint GitHub repository». Ανακτήθηκε στις 12 Μαΐου 2010. 
  7. ↑ «The Linux Mint Blog » Blog Archive » Introducing Cinnamon». blog.linuxmint.com. 2 Ιανουαρίου 2012. Ανακτήθηκε στις 10 Ιανουαρίου 2012. 
  8. ↑ «Misc. News». Ανακτήθηκε στις 20 Νοεμβρίου 2011. 
  9. ↑ «The Linux Mint Blog » Blog Archive » Linux Mint 12 Preview». Blog.linuxmint.com. 4 Νοεμβρίου 2011. Ανακτήθηκε στις 1 Ιανουαρίου 2012. 
  10. ↑ «New features in Linux Mint 12». Ανακτήθηκε στις 13 Νοεμβρίου 2011. 
  11. ↑ «Installing Linux Mint». Happysysadm.com. 30 Ιουνίου 2011. Ανακτήθηκε στις 1 Ιανουαρίου 2012. 
  12. ↑ «OSDisc.com». 2010. Ανακτήθηκε στις 12 Μαΐου 2010. 
  13. ↑ «On-Disk.com». 2010. Ανακτήθηκε στις 12 Μαΐου 2010. 
  14. ↑ 14,0 14,1 14,2 «Linux Mint community: How to upgrade to a newer release» (Produced when Linux Mint 9 was current, with much more recent discussion indicating it is of continuing relevance). 
  15. ↑ «Discussion of upgrading from v16 to v17 on Linux mint Web site». 
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