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'''Tullamore''' ({{Irish place name|Tulach Mhór|great mound}}) is a town in [[County Offaly]], in the [[Midlands of Ireland|midlands]] of Ireland. It is Offaly's [[county town]] and is located in the centre of the county.
{{πόλη}}
Το '''Κλοντάρφ'''<ref name="logainm" /> ({{Lang-en|Clontarf}}, [[ιρλανδικά]]: Cluain Tarbh, μετάφραση: λιβάδι του ταύρου) είναι παράκτιο προάστιο στη βόρεια πλευρά του [[Δουβλίνο]]υ, στην [[Δημοκρατία της Ιρλανδίας]]. Είναι περισσότερο γνωστό για τη [[Μάχη του Κλοντάρφ]] το 1014, στην οποία ο [[Μπράιαν Μπόρου]], Βασιλιάς της Ιρλανδίας, επικράτησε επί των [[Βίκινγκ]]ς του Δουβλίνου και τους συμμάχους τους, τους Ιρλανδούς του [[Λένστερ]]. Η μάχη, η οποία επεκτάθηκε σε ευρύτερη περιοχή, σηματοδότησε το τέλος των Πόλεμων μεταξύ Ιρλανδών και Βίκινγκς.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.gr/books?id=s26NAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT130|title=1014: Brian Boru & the Battle for Ireland|last=Llywelyn|first=Morgan|publisher=The O'Brien Press|year=2014|isbn=9781847176554|location=Dublin|page=130}}</ref>


Tullamore was designated a 'gateway' town, along with '''[[Mullingar]]''' and '''[[Athlone]]''', in late 2003 by the [[Irish Government]], making it eligible for increased infrastructural investment. The town retained Gold Medal status in the National Tidy Town Awards in 2015 and also played host to the 'World [[Sheep Dog Trials]]' in 2005 which attracted international interest in the region. The [[Tullamore Show]] is held near the town every year.
Πρόκειται επίσης για [[Αστική κοινότητα (Ιρλανδία)|αστική κοινότητα]] στην αρχαία [[Βαρωνία (Ιρλανδία)|βαρωνία]] του [[Κούλοκ]].<ref name="logainm">{{Cite web|url=http://www.logainm.ie/898.aspx|title=Cluain Tarbh/Clontarf|website=Logainm.ie|language=ιρλανδικά|accessdate=24-04-2017}}</ref> Ενώ το Κλόνταρφ δεν διαθέτει «κεντρικό σημείο», ιστορικά είχε δύο πληθυσμιακά κέντρα, ένα στην ακτή προς την πόλη και τον οικισμό των αλιέων βορειότερα από την ακτή, στις Καλύβες του Κλοντάρφ, εκεί που πλέον βρίσκεται η λεωφόρος Βέρνον. Το Κλοντάρφ έχει πληθώρα εμπορικών υποδομών σε διάφορες περιοχές, κυρίως στην λεωφόρο Βέρνον. Γειτονεύει με το [[Φέαρβιου (Δουβλίνο)|Φέαρβιου]], το [[Μαρίνο (Δουβλίνο)|Μαρίνο]], το [[Κίλλεστερ]], το [[Αρτέιν (Δουβλίνο)|Αρτέιν]] και το [[Ράχενυ]], και ανήκει στην ταχυδρομική περιοχή Δουβλίνο 3.


The town's most famous export is [[Tullamore Dew]]&nbsp;– an [[Irish whiskey]] distilled by [[Tullamore Distillery]]&nbsp;– that can be traced back to 1829. The [[Old Tullamore Distillery|original distillery]] shut down in the 1954, with the brand later being resurrected and produced at the [[New Midleton Distillery|Midleton Distillery]], in Cork. However, the brand's new owners, [[William Grant & Sons]], invested in a new distillery near Tullamore, bringing whiskey production back to the town in 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.drinksindustryireland.ie/tullamore-dew-opens-irish-distillery/|title=Tullamore Dew opens Irish distillery|last=|first=|date=17 September 2014|work=Drinks Industry Ireland|access-date=17 January 2017|via=}}</ref>
Το Κλοντάρφ είναι παραθαλάσσιο προάστιο σε απόσταση 3 χιλιομέτρων (2 μίλια) από το Δουβλίνο και 11 χιλιομέτρων (7 μίλια) από το Χόουθ πάνω στο δρόμο που συνδέει τις δύο πόλεις. Οι περισσότεροι δρόμοι είναι κάθετοι προς την ακτή.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dublintourist.com/towns/clontarf/|title=Clontarf, Co. Dublin|website=www.dublintourist.com|accessdate=24-04-2017}}</ref>


== History ==
==Ετυμολογία==
Η ονομασία ''Cluain Tarbh'' προέρχεται από τον ήχο του ανέμου στην παραλία ενώ λέγεται πως ακούγεται όπως το λαχάνιασμα ενός ταύρου.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.clontarf.ie/history-of-clontarf/origin-of-the-name|title=Origin Of The Name|website=www.clontarf.ie|accessdate=24-04-2017}}</ref>


{{Historical populations|state=collapsed|width=22.2em
==Πρόσβαση==
|1821|5407
Το Κλοντάρφ εξυπηρετείται από λεωφορειακές γραμμές των [[Dublin Bus|αστικών συγκοινωνιών του Δουβλίνου]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.clontarf.ie/news/dublin-bus-changes-to-clontarf-routes-|title=Dublin Bus changes to Clontarf routes|website=www.clontarf.ie|accessdate=24-04-2017}}</ref> Ο ιστορικός σιδηροδρομικός σταθμός της περιοχής, έκλεισε πριν αρκετά χρόνια, αλλά ο νέος [[Σιδηροδρομικός σταθμός Κλοντάρφ Ρόουντ|σιδηροδρομικός σταθμός στο Κλοντάρφ Ρόουντ]], βρίσκεται ανάμεσα στο Κλοντάρφ και το Φεαρβιού.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.irishrail.ie/travel-information/clontarf-road|title=Clontarf Road|website=Irish Rail|language=en|accessdate=24-04-2017}}</ref>
|1831|6342
|1841|6343
|1851|4630
|1861|4797
|1871|5179
|1881|5098
|1891|4522
|1901|4639
|1911|4926
|1926|4930
|1936|5135
|1946|5897
|1951|6165
|1956|6147
|1961|6243
|1966|6874
|1971|7474
|1981|8724
|1986|9442
|1991|9430
|1996|10039
|2002|11098
|2006|12927
|2011|14361
| footnote=<ref>[http://www.cso.ie/census Census for post 1821 figures.]</ref><ref>http://www.histpop.org</ref><ref>http://www.nisranew.nisra.gov.uk/census</ref><ref>{{cite book
| last=Lee
| first=JJ
| authorlink =John Joseph Lee
| editor-last=Goldstrom
| editor-first=J. M.
| editor2-last=Clarkson
| editor2-first=L. A.
| title=Irish Population, Economy, and Society: Essays in Honour of the Late K. H. Connell
| year=1981
| publisher=
[[Clarendon Press]]| location=Oxford, England
| chapter=On the accuracy of the [[Great Famine (Ireland)|Pre-famine]] Irish censuses
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
| last = Mokyr
| first = Joel
| author-link = Joel Mokyr
| last2 = O Grada
| first2 = Cormac
| author2-link =
| title = New Developments in Irish Population History, 1700–1850
| journal =
[[The Economic History Review]]| volume = 37
| issue = 4
| pages = 473–488
|date=November 1984
| url = http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/120035880/abstract
| doi = 10.1111/j.1468-0289.1984.tb00344.x
}}</ref>
}}


In ancient [[Gaelic Ireland]], Tullamore was located in what was then known as the landfill territory of [[Firceall]] ruled by the O'Molloy clan. Firceall was then part of the ancient [[Kingdom of Meath]]. Following the [[Plantations of Ireland|plantation of Offaly]] in the 16th and 17th centuries, Firceall was divided into the baronies of [[Ballycowan (barony)|Ballycowan]], [[Ballyboy (barony)|Ballyboy]] and [[Eglish (barony)|Eglish]], with Tullamore located in Ballycowan.<ref>http://www.omolloy.com/</ref>
==Γεωγραφία==
Το Κλοντάρφ βρίσκεται στη βόρεια πλευρά της πόλης του Δουβλίνου, βορειοανατολικά από το κέντρο της πόλης κατά μήκος της ακτής. Δυτικά και νότια βρίσκεται το [[Φεαρβιού (Δουβλίνο)|Φεαρβιού]] Παρκ και το προάστιο [[Μαρίνο (Δουβλίνο)|Μαρίνο]], στα βόρεια τα προάστια [[Κίλλεστερ]], [[Αρτέιν (Δουβλίνο)|Αρτέιν]] και [[Κούλοκ]] και στα βορειοανατολικά το [[Πάρκο Σεντ Αννς]] και το προάστιο του [[Ράχενυ]]. Στη νότια πλευρά βρίσκεται η μια πλευρά των εκβολών ενός από των τριών ποταμών του Δουβλίνου, του [[Ποταμός Τόλκα|ποταμού Τόλκα]]. Ο [[ποταμός Νάνικεν]] περνά μέσω του Πάρκου Σεντ Αννς και φτάνει στη θάλασσα στην άκρη του Ράχενυ, με την εκβολή του να σημαίνει τα όρια της κοινότητας.


Tullamore was part of the first English [[Plantation (settlement or colony)|plantation]] of Offaly in the 1570s<!-- , owned by the Moore family - did they own it before or after the plantation? -->. By the mid-1500s the lands that were originally ruled by the O'Molloy clan were securely "planted" and in the hands of the Moore family. From this point on a dynasty was established which endured into the late nineteenth century, commencing with the grant of the Tullamore area, comprising some 5000 acres, to Sir John Moore in 1622. At that time the Tullamore estate included a ruined castle, ten cottages and two water mills. Sir Robert Forth, who leased the lands from Thomas Moore (son and heir of Sir John), built a mansion house c.1641 in what is now the Charleville [[demesne]]. Charles Moore, Lord Tullamore, grandson of Thomas, eventually regained possession of the estate and when he died in 1674 it went via his sister to Charles William Bury. Charles William was later (1806) created the 1st [[Earl of Charleville]] in a second creation of the title.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.irishmidlandsancestry.com/content/offaly/community/charleville_demense.htm|title= Charleville Demesne & The Burys, 1600–1900|accessdate = 15 December 2012}}</ref>
[[Αρχείο:Night view, Clontarf.JPG|thumb|340px|Η προκυμαία του Κλοντάρφ]]


On 10 May 1785, the town was seriously damaged when the crash of a [[hot air balloon]] resulted in a fire that burned down as many as 130 homes, giving the town the distinction of being the location of the world's first known [[aviation disaster]].<ref>Byrne, Michael. [https://www.offalyhistory.com/reading-resources/history/tullamore-history/the-tullamore-balloon-fire-first-air-disaster-in-history The Tullamore Balloon Fire – First Air Disaster in History], Offaly Historical and Archaeological Society website, 9 January 2007 (retrieved 7 July 2011), which in turn cites:
Η [[νήσος Μπουλ]], ανήκει στο Κλοντάρφ και το Ράχενυ, και συνδέεται με το Κλοντάρφ μέσω ιστορικής ξύλινης γέφυρας στο [[Ντολυμάουντ]]. Ενώ το μεγαλύτερο μέρος του νησιού ανήκει στην κοινότητα, το (βόρειο) [[Τείχος Μπουλ]] και οι κυματοθραύστες, οι σχετιζόμενοι δρόμοι και τα μονοπάτια, και η (ξύλινη) Γέφυρα Μπουλ ανήκουν στην Εταιρεία Λιμένος του Δουβλίνου. Στην άκρη του κυματοθραύστη υπάρχει άγαλμα της ''Παναγίας, Αστέρος της Θάλασσας'' (''Our Lady, Star of the Sea'' (''Realt na Mara'')), για την προστασία των ναυτικών και των λιμενεργατών.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dublincity.ie/main-menu-services-recreation-culture-dublin-city-parks-visit-park-north-bull-island-unesco/our|title=Bull Island {{!}} Dublin City Council|website=www.dublincity.ie|language=en|accessdate=24-04-2017}}</ref><ref name="history">{{Cite web|url=http://www.clontarf.ie/history-of-clontarf/bull-island|title=Bull Island|website=www.clontarf.ie|accessdate=24-04-2017}}</ref>
* ''[[Faulkner's Dublin Journal]]'', 14 May 1785, and
* ''[[Finn's Leinster Journal]]''.</ref> To this day, the town shield depicts a [[Phoenix (mythology)|phoenix]] rising from the ashes. The event is yearly commemorated by the Phoenix festival which celebrates Tullamore's resurrection from the ashes following the accident.


The [[Grand Canal of Ireland|Grand Canal]] linked Tullamore to [[Dublin]] in 1798. During the [[Napoleonic Wars]], a clash between troops of the [[King's German Legion]] and a regiment of British Light Infantry who were both stationed in the town, became known as the Battle of Tullamore. Tullamore became [[county town]] of [[County Offaly]] in 1835, replacing [[Daingean]].
===Νήσος Κλοντάρφ===
Κάποτε υπήρχε νησί, που ονομαζόταν Νήσος Κλοντάρφ, στα ανοικτά του Κλοντάρφ κοντά στις εκβολές του Τόλκα, όπως φαίνεται σε χάρτες όπως αυτός του [[Τζον Ροκ]] το 1753,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.askaboutireland.ie/aai-files/assets/ebooks/37%20The%20Neighbourhood%20of%20Dublin/37%20The%20Neighbourhood%20of%20Dublin.pdf|title=The Neighborhood of Dublin|website=www.askaboutireland.ie|accessdate=24-04-2017}}</ref> με ενιαίες κατοικίες, και κατά περιόδους (κυρίως τον 19ο αιώνα), υποδομές λουτρών. Το νησί χρησιμοποιήθηκε επίσης ως χώρος προστασίας από την πανούκλα του 1650. Τα κατασκευαστικά έργα στο [[Μεγάλο Νότιο Τείχος]] και το [[Τείχος Μπουλ]] στο [[Λιμάνι του Δουβλίνου]] άλλαξαν την ροή των υδάτων στον [[Κόλπος του Δουβλίνου|Κόλπο του Δουβλίνου]], απειλώντας την ύπαρξη του, αν και στην πραγματικότητα καταστράφηκε από μεγάλη καταιγίδα το 1844.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.gr/books?id=XMj84is2xlIC&pg=PA76|title=Rare Old Dublin: Heroes, Hawkers & Hoors|last=Hopkins|first=Frank|publisher=Mercier Press Ltd|year=2003|isbn=9781860231544|location=Dublin|page=76-77}}</ref>


Tullamore has a long history of whiskey distilling, with two distilleries known to have operated in the two in the 1780s, though closed some years later.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Irish Midland Studies: Essays in honour of N. W. English, Athlone|last=Harman|first=Murtagh|publisher=|year=1980|isbn=|location=|pages=213–228|quote=|via=}}</ref> Subsequently, a [[Old Tullamore Distillery|new distillery]], was established by Michael Molloy, one the site of one of the old distilleries in 1829.<ref name=":1" /> When Molloy died, the distillery first passed to his brother Anthony, before eventually making its way into the hands of his nephew, Bernard Daly.<ref name=":1" /> When Daly died, his son, Captain Bernard Daly took ownership of the business. With an estate in Terenure, Captain Daly left the day-to-day running of the business to Daniel E. Williams, the distillery's [[general manager]], under whose careful watch the distillery grew and prospered, and launched [[Tullamore Dew]], the whiskey which bears his initials. Williams brought electricity to Tullamore in 1893. The distillery installed the town's first telephones and introduced motorised transport. Williams ran various commercial businesses throughout the [[Irish midlands]]&nbsp;– drinks businesses, tea importing, seed and grain retail, and a network of 26 general stores.{{citation needed|date=February 2017}}
==Ιστορία==
[[Αρχείο:'Battle of Clontarf', oil on canvas painting by Hugh Frazer, 1826.jpg|300px|thumb|Ελαιογραφία της Μάχης του Κλοντάρφ από τον [[Χιου Φρέιζερ]], 1826]]
Μετά την ήττα των Βίκινγκς και των συμμάχων τους από το Λένστερ στη [[Μάχη του Κλοντάρφ]] το 1014, το Κλαντάρφ απόλαυσε σχετική ειρήνη για τα επόμενα 100 χρόνια μέχρι τον ερχομό των [[Νορμανδοί|Νορμανδών]] το 1172. Λίγο μετά, το Κλοντάρφ δώθηκε στον Άνταμ ντε Φέυπο, ακόλουθο του [[Ριχάρδος ντε Κλαρ, 2ος Δούκας του Πέμπροουκ|Ριχάρδου ντε Κλαρ, 2ου Δούκα του Πέμπροουκ]]. Αυτός κατασκεύασε το πρώτο κάστρο του Κλοντάρφ.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.gr/books?id=IqE7AwAAQBAJ&pg=PT14|title=The Liberties: A History|last=Curtis|first=Maurice|publisher=History Press|year=2013|isbn=9780752490328|location=Dublin|page=14}}</ref>


Following this period, [[Prohibition in the United States]], an [[Anglo-Irish Trade War|economic war]] with Britain in the 1930s, and [[World War II]] all harmed the industry. Tullamore was one of many Irish distilleries affected by a general decline in Irish whiskey sales worldwide. After World War II, Desmond Williams, grandson of Daniel E. Williams, used modern marketing techniques to re-establish Irish whiskey in world markets. In 1947, Desmond Williams also developed [[Irish Mist]], an Irish [[liqueur]] made from a blend of whiskey, herbs and honey, using a recipe alleged to have disappeared in the late 17th century and to have been rediscovered in a manuscript 250 years later. Williams also capitalised on the [[Irish coffee]] concept, and promoted blended whiskies.
Η κατοίκηση στην τοποθεσία του Κλοντάρφ χρονολογείται από τον 12ο αιώνα τουλάχστον, και τον 19ο αιώνα θεωρήθηκε πως βρέθηκαν ερείπια του. Το Κλοντάρφ εμφανίζεται στον χάρτη "A Modern Depiction of Ireland, One of the British Isles" του [[Αβραάμ Ορτέλιους]] ως "Clantarfe".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wdl.org/en/item/104/view/1/1/|title=A Modern Depiction of Ireland, One of the British Isles|website=www.wdl.org|language=en|accessdate=24-04-2017}}</ref>


== Culture ==
Η έπαυλη και η εκκλησία του Κλοντάρφ κατεχόταν από τους [[Ναΐτες Ιππότες|Ναΐτες]] και στη συνέχεια από τους [[Ιωαννίτες Ιππότες|Ιωαννίτες]], και στην περιοχή υπήρχε Ιερό Πηγάδι, μέχρι πρόσφατα.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.gr/books?id=bbwRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA82|title=The Irish Penny Journal|last=|first=|publisher=Gunn and Cameron|year=1841|location=Dublin|page=82}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.gr/books?id=srE4AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA384|title=A Topographical Dictionary of Ireland|last=Lewis|first=Samuel|publisher=S. Lewis and Company|year=1849|location=London|page=384}}</ref>
[[File:Patrick Street Tullamore cropped.jpg|240px|thumbnail|Patrick Street, Tullamore]]
The Tullamore Phoenix Festival is an annual celebration of extreme, art, culture and heritage first held in August 2000. Thursday 17th to Sunday 20 July 2008. The festival holds many events including – Hot Air Balloons, Sky Diving, Live Outdoor Concerts, Street Entertainment, Fire Parade, Fireworks and much more.


The ''[[Queen of the Land Festival]]'' takes place in Tullamore each year on the third weekend in November. Primarily a personality contest it seeks to find the best examples of a modern Irish woman. It is organised by Offaly Macra Na Feirme. Each year about 25 girls between the age of 17 and 35 compete to be crowned Queen of the Land. The festival provides a host of entertainment throughout the town over the weekend, primarily at night.
Μικρή έπαυλη και οικισμός βρισκόταν στην μικρή κορυφογραμμή που είχε θέα στη θάλασσα. Η έπαυλη ανακαινίστηκε πολλές φορές με το ξενοδοχείο που βρίσκεται πλέον εκεί να χρονολογείται σε μεγάλο βαθμό από τις αρχές του 19ου αιώνα. Ο [[πύργος]] που βρίσκεται στην τοποθεσία είναι αντίγραφο του αρχικού κτίσματος των Ναϊτών στην τοποθεσία από τον 19ο αιώνα. Η γειτνιαζουσα εγκαταλελειμμένη εκκλησία είναι παλαιός ενοριακός ναός της [[Εκκλησία της Ιρλανδίας|Εκκλησίας της Ιρλανδίας]], που χρονολογείται από τα μέσα του 17ου αιώνα και ίσως αποτελεί την παλαιότερη χρήση κόκκινου τούβλου στην Ιρλανδία.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.gr/books?id=XzrVRJmJREMC&pg=PT277|title=Best Castles - England, Ireland, Scotland, Wales: The Essential Guide for Visiting and Enjoying|publisher=David & Charles|year=2006|isbn=144635217X|location=Cincinnati|page=276-277}}</ref>


An annual [[Tullamore Show]] takes place in August every year. It has grown considerably over the past number of years and is now the largest one day show in the country. It was cancelled in 07 and 08 due to heavy rain, though it did run again in 2009 .<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.independent.ie/national-news/tullamore-show-cancelled-for-second-year-after-downpours-1451558.html | work=[[Irish Independent]] | title=Tullamore Show cancelled for second year after downpours | date=11 August 2008}}</ref>
[[Αρχείο:clontarf Castle - geograph.org.uk - 395705.jpg|thumb|Το Κάστρο του Κλοντάρφ]]
Το [[Κάστρο του Κλοντάρφ]] κάηκε το 1641 από τον Στρατηγό του [[Όλιβερ Κρόμγουελ|Κρόμγουελ]], Σαρλ Κουτ, προφανώς ως μέσο αντιπερισπασμού για την απιστία του τότε ιδιοκτήτη, Τζορτζ Κινγκ. Το κάστρο, το κτήμα και η περιοχή λέγεται πως δόθηκαν από τον Κρόμγουελ στον Τζον Μπλάγκουελ, ο οποίος ανέθεσε το ενδιαφέρον του στον [[Τζον Βέρνον]] [[Γενικός διοικητής|Γενικό διοικητή]] του στρατού του Κρόμγουελ στην Ιρλανδία, αν και στο Τοπογραφικό Λεξικό του Λιούις του 1897 περιγράφεται ως «δωσμένο από το Στέμμα στον Ναύαρχο Βέρνον». Η [[οικογένεια Βέρνον]] στη συνέχεια κατέλαβε το Κάστρο για περίπου 350 χρόνια.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.clontarf.ie/history-of-clontarf/clontarf-castle|title=Clontarf Castle|website=www.clontarf.ie|accessdate=24-04-2017}}</ref>


[http://www.hughlynchs.com Hugh Lynch's Pub] on Kilbride Street has been operating as a public house since the early 1800s. In the early 1900s it was bought by the Williams Group, founders of the D.E. Williams Distillery, and run as a public bar and grocery, along with many other outlets in the [[Irish Midlands]], from which they sold their growing whiskey brand "Tullamore Dew". It has been in the Lynch Family since 1971 and attracts a mix of older and younger clients. One of the highlights every year is their outdoor festival where they put a roof over the street and provide 3 days of live free music.
Το 1659, ο πληθυσμός του Κλοντάρφ ήταν 79 άτομα.


The national [[Fleadh Ceoil]] was held in Tullamore for the very first time in August 2007. It returned in 2008, and returned for a third time from 21–23 Aug 2009.<ref>[http://comhaltas.ie/events/detail/fleadh_cheoil_na_heireann_2009/ The 2009 Fleadh Ceoil]</ref>
Η αλιεία, η συλλογή στρειδιών και η γεωργία παρέμειναν οι κύριες ασχολίες στους επόμενους αιώνες, με μια μεγάλη βιομηχανία αλιείας στην περιοχή ''the Sheds'', κοντά στις αρχές της Λεωφόρου Βερνόν (το πανδοχείο στην περιοχή χρησιμοποιεί ακόμη την ονομασία), περίπου 1 χιλιόμετρο από τον αρχικό οικισμό. Τον 18ο αιώνα, η περιοχή αυτή μετατράπηκε σε δευτερεύοντα οικισμό, ψαράδων και γεωργών, που ζούσαν σε υποτυπώδεις καλύβες με υπόστεγα ξήρανσης για τα ψάρια. Αναγράφεται εμφανώς σε χάρτες πλοήγησης του Κόλπου του Δουβλίνου που χρονολογούνται από τον 18ο αιώνα. Όμως, με τόσους «άτυπους» οικισμούς στην Ιρλανδία, το ''Clontarf Sheds'' έγινε η τοποθεσία ενός Ρωμαιοκαθολικού ναού του 19ου αιώνα - η Εκκλησία του Αγίου Ιωάννη της Εκκλησίας της Ιρλανδίας και η Ρωμαιοκαθολική εκκλησία του Αγίου Αντωνίου βρίσκονται πλησιέστερα στον αρχικό οικισμό - και έπειτα ξεπέρασε τον αρχικό οικισμό.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.gr/books?id=OJReAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA136|title=A picturesque guide through Dublin|last=Whittock|first=Nathaniel|publisher=J. Cornish, 1 Middle Row Holborn|year=1846|location=Liverpool|page=136}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.clontarf.ie/history-of-clontarf/the-sheds-fishing-village|title=The Sheds Fishing Village|website=www.clontarf.ie|accessdate=25-04-2017}}</ref>


The [[National Ploughing Championships]], Europe's largest Outdoor Exhibition and Agriculture Trade Show, was held in Screggan, Tullamore in 2016. The total attendance figures for the 2016 Championship came to a record breaking 283,000. The show is set to return to Screggan on September 19, 20 & 21, 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.npa.ie/2016/10/2017-return-to-screggan/|title=2017 Return to Screggan|date=2016-10-11|website=National Ploughing Association|access-date=2016-11-16}}</ref>
Η έκθεση του Λιούις του 1837 ανέφερε πως «η γη στην ενορία αυτή φαίνεται να έχει το υψηλότερο επίπεδο καλλιέργειας...»


=== 19ος αιώνας ===
== Places of interest ==
[[File:Charleville Castle.png|thumb|left|[[Charleville Castle]]]]
Στις αρχές του 19ου αιώνα, το Κλοντάρφ έγινε διάσημος παραθεριστικός οικισμός για τους πολίτες του Δουβλίνου, οι οποίοι έφευγαν από την πόλη για να κάνουν τα λουτρά τους στην θάλασσα ή στα θερμά και ψυχρά λουτρά της περιοχής. Τα δρομολόγια με άλογα από την πόλη ξεκίνησαν και το Κλοντάρφ έγινε μια μοδάτη περιοχή - ο Σάμιουελ Λιούις καταγράφει 27 κύριες οικίες, πέρα από το Κάστρο του Κλοντάρφ, στις οποίες κατοικούσαν εύποροι και σημαντικοί ευγενείς.<ref group="nb">Μεταξύ αυτών βρισκόταν ο Τόμας Γκρέσαμ, ιδρυτής του [[Gresham Hotel]] και του W.C. Colville, ιδιοκτήτη μεγάλων περιουσιών στο κέντρο του Δουβλίνου</ref> Στον Κατάλογο Καταγραφής του 1824 υπήρχαν τέσσερις κυρίες με τίτλο – η Κυρία Τσαρλεμόντ, η Κυρία Κάρολιν Κλέμεντς, η Κυρία Μαρία Κώλφιλντ και η Κυρία Έμιλυ Κώλφιλντ.
[[File:Tullamore Dew Whiskey.jpg|thumb|[[Tullamore Dew]]]]


The [https://www.tullamoredew.com/en-gb/visit-us/ Tullamore Dew Visitor Centre] on the banks of the [[Grand Canal (Ireland)|Grand Canal]] focuses on the distilling, canal and urban history of the town. Audio visual and self-guided tours are available daily.
[[Αρχείο:Dublin 1901 NE B.png|thumb|300px|Το Κλοντάρφ και οι γύρω περιοχές, 1901]]


Charleville Estate is located on the edge of the town. One of Ireland's most splendid Gothic buildings, [[Charleville Castle]], stands in this parkland setting which contains the King Oak, one of the biggest and oldest oak trees in the country. The castle is said to be haunted and was featured on series 1 of [[Living TV]]'s ''[[Most Haunted]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tv.com/most-haunted/charleville-forest-castle/episode/282481/summary.html |title=Season 1 Episode 16 |date=10 September 2002 |work= |publisher=[[tv.com]] }}</ref> The oak woodland is botanically an important survivor of primeval stock. The park was the location of the annual Tullamore Agricultural Show. However following the cancellation of the show for two consecutive years due to heavy rainfall the event was moved to a new location with improved drainage in the [[Blue Ball, County Offaly|Blue Ball]] area, south of the town.
Το Κλοντάρφ έπαιξε σημαντικό ρόλο στην σταδιοδρομία του προεξέχοντος Ιρλανδού εθνικιστή πολιτικού [[Ντάνιελ Ο'Κόνελλ]] ο οποίος διοργάνωσε στην περιοχή, συμβολικά εξαιτίας της διασύνδεσης με την [[μάχη του Κλοντάρφ]] το 1014, ένα μαζικό κάλεσμα για [[Σύνδεσμος Ακύρωσης|ακύρωση]] της [[Πράξεις της Ένωσης 1800|Πράξης Ένωσης]]. Η συνάντηση απαγορεύθηκε από τον τότε Πρωθυπουργό Σερ [[Ρόμπερτ Πιλ]], και παρά τις εκκλήσεις των υποστηρικτών του, ο Ο'Κόνελλ αρνήθηκε να αψηφήσει τις αρχές και ακύρωσε τη συνάντηση, μιας και δεν ήθελε να ρισκάρει τυχόν αιματοκύλισμα.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.gr/books?id=W8AfBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA194|title=Daniel O'Connell and the Repeal Year|last=McCaffrey|first=Lawrence J.|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|year=1966|isbn=9780813163543|location=Kentucky|page=194}}</ref>


Tullamore is an ideal base for discovering the [[Slieve Bloom Mountains]] to the south of the county. The 'Slieve Bloom' mountains have many beautiful walking and cycling trails as well as excellent picnic areas with some panoramic views of the surrounding lowlands.
Σημαντική ήταν η παρουσία του Σερ [[Μπέντζαμιν Γκίνες|Μπέντζαμιν Λι Γκίνες]], γιου του Αρθούρου Γκίνες Β΄, και του συνεργάτη του με τον οποίον διαχειριζόταν το ζυθοποιίο του Κλοντάρφ, έχοντας αγοράσει κτήματα στο Κλοντάρφ και το Ράχενυ.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.gr/books?id=T_x5dIwTzOQC&pg=PA177|title=Guinness's Brewery in the Irish Economy 1759-1876|last=Lynch|first=Patrick|last2=Vaizey|first2=John|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2011|isbn=9780521283311|location=Cambridge|page=177}}</ref>


Just south of Tullamore are the unique '[[Lough Boora]]' parklands. The [[boglands]] are a landscape for a wide range of flora and fauna. The magnificent wetlands and wildlife wilderness of Lough Boora now host some of the most innovative land and [[environmental sculpture]]s in Ireland. The artists, inspired by the rich natural and industrial legacy of the boglands, have created a series of large-scale sculptures that are now part of the [[environmental sculpture]] park [[Sculpture in the Parklands]].
Μέχρι τα τέλη του 19ου αιώνα το Κλοντάρφ αστικοποιήθηκε, αρχικά ως παραθεριστικός οικισμός για εύπορους κατοίκους του Δουβλίνου, και πολύ γρήγορα ως προάστιο της πόλης. Γραμμή τροχιοδρόμου (τραμ) λειτουργούσε κατά μήκος της ακτής, αυξάνοντας την δραστηριότητα στην περιοχή.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.clontarf.ie/history-of-clontarf/transport-in-19th-century-clontarf|title=Transport In 19th Century Clontarf {{!}} Clontarf.ie|website=www.clontarf.ie|accessdate=25-04-2017}}</ref>


10&nbsp;km west of Tullamore is the village of [[Rahan, County Offaly|Rahan]]. The remains of a what was once a large monastery settlement founded by St.Carthage or [[Mochuda]] in the 6th century, can be seen in the village.
Για κάποιο διάστημα, το Κλοντάρφ ήταν αστική περιοχή με τα δικά της δικαιώματα, αλλά έχασε αυτή τη μορφή του στις αρχές του 20ού αιώνα. Μέχρι τα μέσα του 20ού αιώνα απορροφήθηκε πλήρως από την πόλη και πλέον θεωρείται τμήμα των εσωτερικών προαστίων.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.clontarf.ie/history-of-clontarf/a-brief-history|title=A Brief History|website=www.clontarf.ie|accessdate=25-04-2017}}</ref>


Within 5 minutes' drive is the [[Celtic cross]] of [[Durrow, County Offaly|Durrow]]. In the middle of the 6th century a monastery was founded here by [[Saint Columba]]. The monastery is famous for an illuminated manuscript, written here in the 7th century, known as the [[Book of Durrow]].<!-- Image with unknown copyright status removed: [[Image:tullamoresquare.jpg|thumb|250px]] -->
==Αναψυχή==
[[Αρχείο:Clontarf Road, Clontarf, Dublin - geograph.org.uk - 347164.jpg|thumb|Το άγαλμα από το Νησί του Πάσχα στην προκυμαία του Κλοντάρφ]]
[[Αρχείο:Clontarf Park Gates.tif|thumb|212x212px|Το πάρκο Σεντ Αννς στο Κλοντάρφ]]
Το σημαντικότερο σημείο αναψυχής του Κλοντάρφ είναι η προκυμαία του, που βρίσκεται κατά μήκος της Alfie Byrne Road μέχρι την ξύλινη γέφυρα στο Ντολλυμάουντ. Η προκυμαία είναι δημοφιλές σημείο για τρέξιμο, περπάτημα, ιστιοπλοΐα και ποδηλασία. Μεταξύ των χαρακτηριστικών της προκυμαίας είναι το αντίγραφο αγάλματος [[Μωάι]] της [[Νήσος του Πάσχα|Νήσου του Πάσχα]], το οποίο αποτελεί διπλωματικό δώρο του Πρέσβη της [[Χιλή]]ς. Επίσης στην προκυμαία βρίσκεται η ιδιωτική ανοικτή πισίνα του Κλοντάρφ, η οποία κάποτε αποτελούσε γνωστό προορισμό αναψυχής με θερμά και ψυχρά λουτρά, αλλά πλέον έχει εγκαταλειφθεί. Τέλος υπάρχουν δημόσιες γέφυρες διάβασης πεζών, πάνω από τις οδούς.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.clontarf.ie/history-of-clontarf/clontarf-promenade|title=Clontarf Promenade|website=www.clontarf.ie|accessdate=25-04-2017}}</ref>


There are four metal sculptures located on the [[N52 road|N52]] Tullamore bypass funded under the percentage for arts scheme where 1% of the budget is allocated to roadside art.<ref>http://www.arts-sport-tourism.gov.ie/pdfs/English-text5.htm</ref> Sculptor [[Maurice Harron]] created the figures presenting symbols of learning and sanctity. From the north the 1st figure holds up a [[chalice]], the 2nd a book, the 3rd a [[crosier]] and the 4th shows the release of a flock of birds representing souls. The figures are located on [[esker]] ridges that the new roadway cuts through.<ref>http://www.offaly.ie/eng/Services/Arts_and_Culture/Gallery/Public_Art_/</ref>
Το Κλοντάρφ επίσης βρίσκεται πλησίον του [[Πάρκο Σεντ Αννς|Πάρκου Σεντ Αννς]], το οποίο μοιράζεται με το [[Ράχενυ]]. Πέρα από μεγάλους περιπατητικούς διαδρόμους και ανοιχτές περιοχές, το πάρκο περιλαμβάνει πολυάριθμες αθλητικές υποδομές, όπως αγωνιστικούς χώρους και χώρους μη αθλητικής αναψυχής. Σε αυτούς περιλαμβάνεται το Κέντρο Τέχνης, στο οποίο υπάρχουν καταστήματα καλλιτεχνών και στούντιο, καφετέρια και ανοιχτές αγορές κυρίως τα σαββατοκύριακα, μαζί με έναν μεγάλο κήπο ρόδων που βρίσκεται δίπλα από τα γήπεδα της [[Γαελική Αθλητική Ομοσπονδία|Γαελικής Αθλητικής Ομοσπονδίας]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.clontarf.ie/history-of-clontarf/st-annes-park|title=St Annes Park|website=www.clontarf.ie|accessdate=25-04-2017}}</ref>


== Economy ==
Το Κλοντάρφ έχει πρόσβαση στο νησί [[Νορθ Μπουλ]] μέσω της περιοχής [[Ντολλυμάουντ]]. Στο νησί υπάρχει ο χώρος αναψυχής Dollymount Strand όπως και δύο γήπεδα γκολφ. Το νησί είναι ακόμη γνωστό για την άγρια ζωή του, και τη λιμνοθάλασσα και τους βάλτους ανάμεσα στο νησί και τη στεριά που είναι σημείο κατάλληλο για παρακολούθηση πτηνών.<ref name="history" />
[[File:Shopping Centre Tullamore Co.Offaly - geograph.org.uk - 1365246.jpg|thumb|374x374px|Bridge Centre Shopping Centre, Tullamore]]
As the county town of Offaly many government services are located here such as the headquarters of [[Offaly County Council]], the Midlands Regional Hospital and HSE services. Government departments located in the town include the [[Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine]] and the [[Department of Education and Skills (Ireland)|Department of Education and Skills]].


Tullamore has traditionally been an important industrial, retail and services centre for County Offaly. When the [[Grand Canal (Ireland)|Grand Canal]] opened in the late 18th century, it offered increased connectivity to the town and offered an increased market for goods produced in the area. [[Tullamore Dew]], a brand of [[Irish Whiskey]] was first distilled in the town in 1829. Tullamore was connected to the national railway network in 1854 by the [[Great Southern and Western Railway]] company, now [[Iarnród Éireann]]. Tullamore is also located near the boglands of the [[Bog of Allen]]. This provided employment through the work of [[Bord na Mona]]. Agriculture is also important to the local economy.
Στο Κλοντάρφ υπάρχουν πολλές επιχειρήσεις, όπως σουπερμάρκετ, πανδοχεία, εστιατόρια, υποκαταστήματα τραπεζών, φαρμακεία και ιατρεία.


In recent years, more high end employment has been brought to the town with the opening of industrial estates in the town such as at Srah Industrial Estate. Employers here include the following multinationals, [[Sennheiser]], GeneMedix, [[Covidien]], Isotron and Zannini.
==Θρησκεία==
[[Αρχείο:Methodist Church, Clontarf - geograph.org.uk - 695959.jpg|thumb|200px|Εκκλησία την Μεθοδιστών, Κλοντάρφ]]
Το Κλοντάρφ έχει σήμερα τρεις [[Ρωμαιοκαθολικισμός|Ρωμαιοκαθολικές]] ενορίες, μία της [[Εκκλησία της Ιρλανδίας|Εκκλησίας της Ιρλανδίας]], [[Πρεσβυτεριανοί|Πρεσβυτεριανό]] Εκκλησίασμα και ενορία [[Μεθοδιστές|Μεθοδιστών]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.clontarf.ie/clontarf-church|title=Church|website=www.clontarf.ie|accessdate=25-04-2017}}</ref>


=== Retail ===
Ιστορικά το Κλοντάρφ είχε ισχυρή [[Προτεσταντική θρησκεία|Προτεσταντική]] κοινότητα για πολλά χρόνια, με την ενορία της Εκκλησίας της Ιρλανδίας να είναι μια από τις πιο πολυάριθμες [[Αγγλικανική Εκκλησία|Αγγλικανικές]] ενορίες της χώρας μέχρι την δεκαετία του 1950. Στην απογραφή του 1911, το 39% του πληθυσμού του Κλοντάρφ ήταν Προτεστάντες, το 25% υποστηρικτές της Εκκλησίας της Ιρλανδίας, το 8,5% Πρεσβυτεριανοί και το 5,5% Μεθοδιστές. Οι σχέσεις μεταξύ των κοινοτήτων ήταν πάντοτε καλές στο Κλοντάρφ ενώ υπήρχαν και μικτοί γάμοι ακόμη και το 1911.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/pages/1911/Dublin/|title=National Archives: Census of Ireland 1911|website=www.census.nationalarchives.ie|language=en|accessdate=25-04-2017}}</ref>
The Bridge Centre, is the main shopping area in the town with a variety of shops including [[Dunnes Stores]],Vera Moda and more. The Tullamore retail park on the Portarlington road also has a mix of shops including [[Tesco]], [[Heatons]], Petmania, Harry Corry and Woodie's DIY. In September 2016, [[Boots UK|Boots]] opened in the town centre. This is the largest outlet outside of Dublin city centre and Cork.


== Media ==
==Αθλητικές και κοινωνικές οργανώσεις==
[[Αρχείο:Rugby match,.jpg|thumbnail|250px|Στιγμιότυπο από αγώνα ράγκμπι στο Κλοντάρφ]]Στο Κλοντάρφ υπάρχουν πολλοί αθλητικοί σύλλογοι, μεταξύ των οποίων [[ράγκμπι]], [[Ποδόσφαιρο|ποδοσφαίρου]], [[γκολφ]], [[κρίκετ]], [[ιστιοπλοΐα]]ς και [[Γαελικός αθλητισμός|Γαελικών αθλημάτων]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.clontarf.ie/see-and-do/activities/sports-in-clontarf|title=Sports In Clontarf|website=www.clontarf.ie|accessdate=25-04-2017}}</ref>


From 1975 until 24 March 2008 Tullamore was the home of [[RTÉ Radio 1]]'s principal medium-wave [[Tullamore transmitter|transmitter]], broadcasting the AM version of Radio 1 on 567&nbsp;kHz, at a power of 500&nbsp;kW. Before this, the main transmission centre had been sited near [[Athlone]]. Tullamore is also home to the headquarters of [[Midlands 103]]. It hosts a number of local newspapers including The Tullamore Tribune and The Offaly Topic.
Στο Κλοντάρφ υπάρχει ισχυρός σύλλογος ράγκμπι, ο οποίος έφτασε σε δύο εθνικούς τελικούς. Το [[Clontarf Cricket Club Ground]], που βρίσκεται στον ίδιο χώρο με τον σύλλογο του ράγκμπι φιλοξένησε τον τελικό του [[Τρόπαιο ICC|Τροπαίου ICC]] του 2005. Φιλοξένησε πολλούς διεθνείς αγώνες κρίκετ, και είναι έδρα της [[Εθνική ομάδα κρίκετ της Ιρλανδίας|εθνικής ομάδας κρίκετ]] της Δημοκρατίας της Ιρλανδίας.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://web-beta.archive.org/web/20090520190449/http://www.cricketeurope4.net/CRICKETEUROPE/DATABASE/GROUNDS/IRELAND/clontarf.shtml|title=Clontarf, Dublin|website=www.cricketeurope4.net|accessdate=25-04-2017}}</ref>


Tullamore features in several books by best-selling author [[Lyn Andrews]].
Η πρώτη ομάδα του Clontarf Cricket Club κέρδισε το κύπελλο Leinster Senior Cup το 2007 και το 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clontarfcricket.com|title=Clontarf Cricket Club|website=www.clontarfcricket.com|accessdate=25-04-2017}}</ref>


== Demographics ==
Το Κλοντάρφ είναι έδρα αρκετών σωματείων Γαελικού αθλητισμού που συμμετέχουν στο κομητειακό πρωτάθλημα του Δουβλίνου στο [[Γαελικό ποδόσφαιρο]], το γυναικείο ποδόσφαιρο, το [[χέρλινγκ]] και το [[καμόγκι]]. Η [[Clontarf GAA]] ιδρύθηκε το 1961 και έχει ως έδρα στο Seafield Road και παίζει τους εντός έδρας αγώνες στο St.Anne's Park στο Ράχενυ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.clontarfgaa.com/About-Us/History-Stair/Brief-History|title=Cluain Tarbh > About Us > History - Stair > Brief History|website=www.clontarfgaa.com|language=en-GB|accessdate=25-04-2017}}</ref> Η [[Scoil Uí Chonaill CLG]] έχει την έδρα της στο Clontarf Road και συμμετέχει σε διοργανώσεις από το 1953.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.scoilgaa.com/|title=Home|website=Scoil Uí Chonaill|language=en-GB|accessdate=25-04-2017}}</ref>


The population of Tullamore (and its environs) rose by 28.8% from 1996 to 2006<ref>{{cite web | title=Demographic context | work=Offaly County Council Development Plan 2009 – 2015 | url=http://www.offaly.ie/NR/rdonlyres/A4AD027E-87E4-4353-917B-47C75D92768F/1095/Chapter2ContextandChallenges_FEB08.pdf |format=PDF| accessdate=28 June 2008}}</ref> from 10,029 to 12,927. The current population as of the census in 2011 is 14,361.
Υπάρχουν επίσης δύο σωματεία αντισφαίρισης - το Clontarf Lawn Tennis Club στο Oulton Road<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://clontarfltc.com/|title=Home {{!}} Clontarf Lawn Tennis Club|website=clontarfltc.com|accessdate=25-04-2017}}</ref> και το Clontarf Parish Lawn Tennis Club στο Seafield Road, το οποίο πρόσφατα επανεκκίνησε τις δραστηριότητες του στην ενορία της Εκκλησίας της Ιρλανδίας.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://clontarfltc.com/|title=Home {{!}} Clontarf Lawn Tennis Club|website=clontarfltc.com|accessdate=25-04-2017}}</ref> Υπάρχουν γήπεδα αντισφαίρισης και στο ιδιωτικό Westwood Club, μεταξύ Κλοντάρφ και Φεαρβιού<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.westwood.ie/tennis/tennis.php|title=http://www.westwood.ie/tennis/tennis.php|website=www.westwood.ie|accessdate=25-04-2017}}</ref>.


== Transport & access ==
Ο Σύλλογος Ταεκβον-ντό του Κλοντάρφ (Clontarf Taekwon-do Club) έχει την έδρα του στο σχολείο Belgrove Boys' και ιδρύθηκε το 2013. Συμμετέχει σε εθνικές και διεθνείς διοργανώσεις.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.taekwondocentre.org/home-page.html|title=Welcome to North Star Taekwon-do|website=www.taekwondocentre.org|accessdate=25-04-2017}}</ref>
[[File:Tullamore station (1982) - geograph.ie - 3103243.jpg|thumb|Tullamore railway station 1982]]
[[Tullamore railway station]], first opened on 2 October 1854,<ref>{{cite web | title=Tullamore station | work=Railscot – Irish Railways | url=http://www.railscot.co.uk/Ireland/Irish_railways.pdf |format=PDF| accessdate=7 September 2007}}</ref> is served by trains on the Dublin-Galway and Dublin-Westport/Ballina inter-city routes.
* [[Transport 21]]
* [[Rail Users Ireland]]
* [[National Development Plan]]
In association with the [[County Westmeath]] urban centres, [[Athlone]] and [[Mullingar]], Tullamore forms part of what is known as the [[Midlands Gateway]].


Tullamore lies on the [[N52 road (Ireland)|N52]] [[national secondary road]]. This connects to [[Birr, County Offaly|Birr]] in the southwest of the county and continues towards [[Mullingar]] which is located to the northeast. At [[Kilbeggan]] (about 12&nbsp;km north of Tullamore) the N52 forms an interchange with the [[M6 motorway (Ireland)|M6 motorway]] which connects [[Dublin]] and [[Galway]]. The [[N80 road (Ireland)|N80]] [[national secondary road]] connects Tullamore with [[Killeigh]], [[Mountmellick]] and [[Portlaoise]], travelling in a southwards direction. A number of [[Regional road]]s run through the town such as the [[R420 road (Ireland)|R420]] connecting Tullamore to [[Moate]], [[Clara, County Offaly|Clara]] and [[Portarlington, County Laois|Portarlington]], and the [[R421 road (Ireland)|R421]] which connects to [[Kinnitty]].
Η ιστιοπλοΐα σχετίζεται με το Κλοντάρφ μέσω του Clontarf Yacht & Boat Club, έναν από τους παλαιότερους ιστιοπλοΐκούς ομίλους στον Κόλπο του Δουβλίνου, έχοντας ιδρυθεί το 1875.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cybc.ie/|title=Clontarf Yacht & Boat Club|website=www.cybc.ie|accessdate=25-04-2017}}</ref>


=== N52 Tullamore Bypass ===
Στο Κλοντάρφ υπάρχει και η Κεντρική Θεραπευτική Κλινική<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://crc.ie/|title=Central Remedial Clinic|website=crc.ie|language=en-US|accessdate=25-04-2017}}</ref> (Central Remedial Clinic) και το Ορθοπαιδικό Νοσοκομείο της Ιρλανδίας<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ioh.ie/|title=Incorporated Orthopaedic Hospital of Ireland|website=www.ioh.ie|accessdate=25-04-2017}}</ref> (Incorporated Orthopaedic Hospital of Ireland) (από το 1876), καθώς και σημαντικό κέντρο για την Ομοσπονδία Ατόμων με Αναπηρικό Καρότσι της Ιρλανδίας<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iwa.ie/information/locations/item/iwa-location-26|title=Clontarf|website=www.iwa.ie|language=en-gb|accessdate=25-04-2017}}</ref> (Irish Wheelchair Association).
In 2009, Tullamore was bypassed. This involved re-routing the N52 road away from the centre of town forming an eastern bypass of the town. The [[Bypass (road)|bypass]]<ref name="NRA">[http://www.nra.ie/RoadSchemeActivity/OffalyCountyCouncil/N52TullamoreBypass/SchemeName,14490,en.html N52 Tullamore Bypass Scheme] – [http://www.nra.ie www.nra.ie]</ref> is {{convert|14|km|mi|abbr=on}} single carriageway standard and leaves the previous N52 approximately {{convert|6|km|mi|abbr=on}} southwest of Tullamore town, intersecting with the [[N80 road]], crossing over the [[Grand Canal of Ireland|Grand Canal]], before rejoining the original N52 again {{convert|3|km|mi|abbr=on}} north of the town. A spur has been constructed from the northern section of the route to the Tullamore Western Relief Road [[R443 road|R443]] resulting in the creation of an almost-full orbital route around Tullamore. The N80 now terminates at its junction with the N52. The scheme began construction in April 2008, and it was officially opened in late 2009 by an Taoiseach, Brian Cowen.


== Sport ==
Δεν υπάρχουν τοπικές εφημερίδες αλλά στο παρελθόν εκδιδόταν το "Clontarf's Eye."
Tullamore has a variety of sporting organisations and clubs in the town. [[Gaelic Games]], Association Football, [[Rugby Union]] and Athletics are all popular in the town with a number of high quality facilities.


[[Gaelic Games]] are represented by [[Tullamore GAA]], Ballinamere Gaa and Durrow Gaa. Tullamore have been successful in winning three senior football championships and one senior hurling championship in recent times. Between football and hurling championships, Tullamore is the most successful club in the history of [[Offaly GAA]]. While Ballinamere recently won the intermediate hurling championship in 2013 which now means they are also playing senior along with Tullamore. While Durrow partake in the senior 'b' football championship. [[O'Connor Park]] is the Offaly GAA home stadium for both the Offaly [[Gaelic Football]] and [[Hurling]] teams. The stadium has a capacity of 20,000 following a major upgrade in 2006. The ground currently consists of a covered stand on one side of the pitch, with terracing on the other three. A stand was built in 1991, but replaced by the current structure in 2006. It seats 7,000 people and also includes a press box and a special section for wheelchair users.
==Σχολεία==
Στα σχολεία πρωτοβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης στην περιοχή ανήκουν τα Belgrove National School (NS), Greenlanes NS (Εκκλησία της Ιρλανδίας) και Howth Road Mixed NS (Πρεσβυτεριανό).


Soccer is the most popular sports in the town, which is represented by [[Tullamore Town F.C.]]. It was founded in 1941 and currently have teams in the [[Leinster Senior League (association football)|Leinster Senior League]], Combined Counties League (2nd team Women's and Youths) and the Midland Schoolboys League.<ref>http://www.tullamoretownfc.com/</ref>
Σε δευτεροβάθμιο επίπεδο, η περιοχή εξυπηρετείται από τα Mount Temple Comprehensive School, Holy Faith School (για κορίτσια) και, στο όριο με το Ράχενυ, το St. Paul's College (για αγόρια).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.clontarf.ie/clontarf-school|title=School|website=www.clontarf.ie|accessdate=25-04-2017}}</ref>


[[Tullamore Rugby Club]] was founded in 1937 and is based in [[Spollenstown]]. The Tullamore 1sts team was successful in 2012 as [[All-Ireland League (rugby union)|Ulster Bank All Ireland]] Jnr Cup Champions.<ref>http://www.tullamorerugby.com/default.aspx</ref>
Ακόμη υπάρχουν υποδομές για ειδική εκπαίδευση στις εγκαταστάσεις της Κεντρικής Θεραπευτικής Κλινικής και της Ομοσπονδίας Ατόμων με Αναπηρικό Καρότσι.


[[Tullamore Harriers]] caters for athletics in the town, and was founded in 1953.<ref>http://www.tullamoreharriers.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=48&Itemid=54</ref>
==Διακυβέρνηση και αντιπροσώπευση==
Το Κλοντάρφ ανήκει στην δικαιοδοσία του [[Δημοτικό Συμβούλιο του Δουβλίνου|Δημοτικού Συμβουλίου του Δουβλίνου]]. Πρόκειται για αστική κοινότητα που αποτελείται από πολλούς οικισμούς.


Aura Leisure Centre Tullamore, located on Hophill Road, has a full gym suite and a 25-metre swimming pool. The centre offers a range of sport and fitness programmes, swimming lessons and various other courses and classes.
Το Κλοντάρφ εκπροσωπείται από την [[εκλογική περιφέρεια Δουβλίνο Βόρεια-Κεντρικό Ντάιλ]] και είναι το κύριο μέρος της Τοπικής Εκλογικής Περιοχής στις δημοτικές εκλογές.


[http://www.tullamoregolfclub.ie/?q=node/137 Tullamore Golf Club] is situated at Brookfield, ever since 1926, located south of Tullamore town, on the Kinnity Road (R 421) just off the N 52. The 18-hole championship parkland golf course is enjoyed by members and visitors alike. It is rated among the top 25 parkland courses in Ireland in ''Backspin''<nowiki/>'s 2014 Irish [[Golf]] Course Rankings.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tullamoregolfclub.ie/?q=node/137|title=About Us {{!}} Tullamore Golf Club|website=www.tullamoregolfclub.ie|access-date=2016-12-01}}</ref>
==Σημειώσεις==
Στο Κλοντάρφ ήταν η πρώτη τοποθεσία της ντίσκο [[Grove Social Club]] από το 1967 έως το 1997.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.clontarf.ie/events/the-grove-reunion|title=The Grove Reunion!|website=www.clontarf.ie|accessdate=25-04-2017}}</ref>


== People ==
Στην προκυμαία υπάρχει κυκλικό υπόστεγο βροχής, το οποίο σχηματίζει μια κάψουλα πάνω από το πρώην ορυχείο μολύβδου, το οποίο έκλεισε λόγω συνεχών πλημμυρών.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/30104286|title=Clontarf|last=Tutty|first=M. J.|date=1966|journal=Dublin Historical Record|issue=1|volume=21|pages=2–13}}</ref>


Notable current and former residents of Tullamore include:
===Σημαντικοί κάτοικοι===
* [[Donal Lunny]], Traditional Irish musician and performer, born in Church Street Tullamore.
*[[Τζον Ρόουσον, Υποκόμης του Κλοντάρφ]], κορυφαίος πολιτικός κατά την διάρκεια της βασιλείας του [[Ερρίκος Η΄ της Αγγλίας|Ερρίκου Η΄]] και τελευταίος Επικεφαλής του [[Τάγμα του Αγίου Ιωάννη της Ιερουσαλήμ|Τάγματος του Αγίου Ιωάννη της Ιερουσαλήμ]].
* [[Gerald Gardner (mathematician)|Gerald Gardner]] (1922–2009), [[geophysics|geophysicist]] and social activist whose statistical analysis led to the banning of [[classified advertising]] segregated by gender in a 1973 ruling by the [[Supreme Court of the United States|US Supreme Court]].<ref>Weber, Bruce. [https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/29/us/29gardner.html "Gerald Gardner, 83, Dies; Bolstered Sex Bias Suit"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', 28 July 2009. Accessed 29 July 2009.</ref>
*Σερ [[Πάτρικ Γουάιτ (δικαστής)|Πάτρικ Γουάιτ]], δικαστής του Ανωτάτου Δικαστηρίου και κάτοχος γης στην περιοχή τις δεκαετίες του 1540 και του 1550.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.gr/books?id=rqeSXWqKAD8C&pg=PA194|title=The Judges in Ireland, 1221-1921|last=Ball|first=F. Elrington|publisher=The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd.|year=1926|isbn=9781584774280|location=Clark, New Jersey|page=194}}</ref>
* [[Alfie Lambe]] (1932–1959), Missionary and founder of [[Legion of Mary]] in [[South America]]
*[[Ρίτσι Μπάουτσερ]], γενικός διευθυντής της [[Τράπεζα της Ιρλανδίας|Τράπεζας της Ιρλανδίας]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/business/boucher-understands-public-anger-over-banking-crisis-but-says-he-has-a-job-to-do-1.1649998|title=Boucher understands public anger over banking crisis but says he has a job to do|last=Hancock|first=Ciarán|date=10-01-2014|newspaper=The Irish Times|language=en-US|accessdate=25-04-2017}}</ref>
* [[Brian Cowen]], former local TD and Irish [[Taoiseach]] (2008–2011), originally from the nearby [[Clara, County Offaly|Clara]].
*[[Τζέρυ Μπριν]], πρώην Λόρδος Δήμαρχος του Δουβλίνου.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.clontarfonline.com/cllr_gerry_breen.htm|title=CllR Gerry Breen|website=www.clontarfonline.com|accessdate=25-04-2017}}</ref>
*[[Μαρία Ντόυλ]], ηθοποιός.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0448204/|title=Maria Doyle Kennedy|website=IMDb|accessdate=25-04-2017}}</ref>
*[[Πάντυ Γκλάκιν]], βιολιστής.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/people/first-encounters-donal-lunny-and-paddy-glackin-1.1564408|title=First Encounters: Donal Lunny and Paddy Glackin|last=O'Rourke|first=Frances|date=26-10-2013|newspaper=The Irish Times|language=en-US|accessdate=25-04-2017}}</ref>
*[[Μπερναντέτ Γκρίβυ]], σοπράνο.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/nov/21/obituary-bernadette-greevy-singer|title=Bernadette Greevy|last=Millington|first=Barry|date=21-11-2008|newspaper=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|accessdate=25-04-2017}}</ref>
*[[Νιλ Τζόρνταν]], σκηνοθέτης.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.independent.ie/entertainment/i-was-always-off-in-my-own-world-neil-jordan-34532525.html|title='I was always off in my own world' - Neil Jordan|last=Lynch|first=Donal|date=14-03-2016|newspaper=Independent.ie|language=en|accessdate=25-04-2017}}</ref>
*[[Ντέκλαν Κίμπερντ]], ακαδημαϊκός.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ricorso.net/rx/az-data/authors/k/Kiberd_D/life.htm|title=Declan Kiberd: Life|website=www.ricorso.net|accessdate=25-04-2017}}</ref>
*[[Κρίστυ Ο'Κόννορ]], γκολφέρ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rip.ie/showdn.php?dn=288472|title=Death Notice Of Christy O'Connor Snr., Clontarf, Dublin, Ireland|website=rip.ie|language=en|accessdate=25-04-2017}}</ref>
*[[Μπράιαν Ο'Ντρίσκολ]], πρώην αρχηγός της ομάδας ράγκμπι της Ιρλανδίας.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.independent.ie/sport/rugby/six-nations/13-things-you-didnt-know-or-had-forgotten-about-brian-odriscoll-30072027.html|title=13 things you didn't know- or had forgotten- about Brian O'Driscoll|date=09-03-2014|newspaper=Independent.ie|language=en|accessdate=25-04-2017}}</ref>
*Όταν ο [[Έρβιν Σρέντινγκερ]] μετακόμισε στο [[Δουβλίνο]], έμεινε στο Κλοντάρφ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/news/schrodinger-in-clontarf-1.432724|title=Schrodinger in Clontarf|date=16-04-2005|newspaper=The Irish Times|language=en-US|accessdate=25-04-2017}}</ref>
*[[Μπραμ Στόκερ]], συγγραφέας του [[Δράκουλας (βιβλίο)|Δράκουλα]].
*[[Ντον Γουιτσερλέι]], ηθοποιός<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.independent.ie/woman/celeb-news/quietly-flows-the-don-26558753.html|title=Quietly flows the Don - Independent.ie|newspaper=Independent.ie|language=en|accessdate=25-04-2017}}</ref>


== Gallery ==
==Σημειώσεις==
<gallery class="center">
{{παραπομπές|group=nb}}
File:Hugh Lynch's Pub Kilbride Street Tullamore Co Offaly.jpg|Hugh Lynchs Pub
File:Tullamore Court Hotel, March 2011 (02).JPG|Tullamore Court Hotel
File:Charleville Castle, Tullamore, Co Offaly - geograph.org.uk - 1357659.jpg|Charleville Castle
File:Grand Canal at Bury Quai Tullamore Co. Offaly - geograph.org.uk - 1365144.jpg|Grand Canal
File:Collumcillie Street Tullamore Co.Offaly - geograph.org.uk - 1365228.jpg|Columcille Street
</gallery>


== See also ==
==Παραπομπές==
<references responsive/>


* [[List of towns and villages in the Republic of Ireland|List of towns and villages in Ireland]]
==Εξωτερικοί σύνδεσμοι==
* [[Market Houses in the Republic of Ireland|Market Houses in Ireland]]
{{Commonscat}}

* [http://www.clontarf.ie/ Ιστοσελίδα για το Κλοντάρφ]
== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category|Tullamore}}
{{wikivoyage|Tullamore}}
* [http://www.tullamore.org/ Tullamore]
* [http://www.tullamorechamber.com/ Tullamore Chamber]
* [http://www.tullamore-dew.org/ Tullamore Dew Visitors Centre]
* [http://www.tullamoreshow.com/ Tullamore Chamber]
* [http://www.tullamorerugby.com/ Tullamore Rugby Club]
* [http://www.tullamoregolfclub.ie/ Tullamore Golf Club]
* [http://www.phoenixfestival.ie/ Phoenix Festival]
* [http://www.queenofthelandfestival.com/ Queen of the Land Festival]
* [http://www.tullamorelife.net/ Tullamore Life & Community]
* [http://www.dotser.ie/ Dotser - Web Design & Software Development]
* [http://www.hughlynchs.com/ Hugh Lynch's Pub]
* [http://www.MorIrishGin.com/ Mór Irish Gin]
* [http://www.irish-architecture.com/buildings_ireland/offaly/tullamore/index.html Architecture of Tullamore]
* [https://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=53.2667%C2%B0+N+7.5000%C2%B0+W&ie=UTF8&z=14&ll=53.278302,-7.499886&spn=0.022478,0.085831&t=h&om=0 Google map]

Έκδοση από την 16:18, 25 Απριλίου 2017

 Αυτή η σελίδα είναι ένα «πρόχειρο χρήστη» του Texniths. Ένα «πρόχειρο χρήστη» είναι υποσελίδα της προσωπικής σελίδας του χρήστη στη Βικιπαίδεια. Εξυπηρετεί ως χώρος πειραματισμών και ανάπτυξης σελίδων και δεν είναι εγκυκλοπαιδικό λήμμα.
Επεξεργαστείτε ή δημιουργήστε το δικό σας πρόχειρο εδώ ή κάνετε δοκιμές στο κοινόχρηστο Πρόχειρο Βικιπαίδειας.

Tullamore (Πρότυπο:Irish place name) is a town in County Offaly, in the midlands of Ireland. It is Offaly's county town and is located in the centre of the county.

Tullamore was designated a 'gateway' town, along with Mullingar and Athlone, in late 2003 by the Irish Government, making it eligible for increased infrastructural investment. The town retained Gold Medal status in the National Tidy Town Awards in 2015 and also played host to the 'World Sheep Dog Trials' in 2005 which attracted international interest in the region. The Tullamore Show is held near the town every year.

The town's most famous export is Tullamore Dew – an Irish whiskey distilled by Tullamore Distillery – that can be traced back to 1829. The original distillery shut down in the 1954, with the brand later being resurrected and produced at the Midleton Distillery, in Cork. However, the brand's new owners, William Grant & Sons, invested in a new distillery near Tullamore, bringing whiskey production back to the town in 2014.[1]

History

In ancient Gaelic Ireland, Tullamore was located in what was then known as the landfill territory of Firceall ruled by the O'Molloy clan. Firceall was then part of the ancient Kingdom of Meath. Following the plantation of Offaly in the 16th and 17th centuries, Firceall was divided into the baronies of Ballycowan, Ballyboy and Eglish, with Tullamore located in Ballycowan.[2]

Tullamore was part of the first English plantation of Offaly in the 1570s. By the mid-1500s the lands that were originally ruled by the O'Molloy clan were securely "planted" and in the hands of the Moore family. From this point on a dynasty was established which endured into the late nineteenth century, commencing with the grant of the Tullamore area, comprising some 5000 acres, to Sir John Moore in 1622. At that time the Tullamore estate included a ruined castle, ten cottages and two water mills. Sir Robert Forth, who leased the lands from Thomas Moore (son and heir of Sir John), built a mansion house c.1641 in what is now the Charleville demesne. Charles Moore, Lord Tullamore, grandson of Thomas, eventually regained possession of the estate and when he died in 1674 it went via his sister to Charles William Bury. Charles William was later (1806) created the 1st Earl of Charleville in a second creation of the title.[3]

On 10 May 1785, the town was seriously damaged when the crash of a hot air balloon resulted in a fire that burned down as many as 130 homes, giving the town the distinction of being the location of the world's first known aviation disaster.[4] To this day, the town shield depicts a phoenix rising from the ashes. The event is yearly commemorated by the Phoenix festival which celebrates Tullamore's resurrection from the ashes following the accident.

The Grand Canal linked Tullamore to Dublin in 1798. During the Napoleonic Wars, a clash between troops of the King's German Legion and a regiment of British Light Infantry who were both stationed in the town, became known as the Battle of Tullamore. Tullamore became county town of County Offaly in 1835, replacing Daingean.

Tullamore has a long history of whiskey distilling, with two distilleries known to have operated in the two in the 1780s, though closed some years later.[5] Subsequently, a new distillery, was established by Michael Molloy, one the site of one of the old distilleries in 1829.[5] When Molloy died, the distillery first passed to his brother Anthony, before eventually making its way into the hands of his nephew, Bernard Daly.[5] When Daly died, his son, Captain Bernard Daly took ownership of the business. With an estate in Terenure, Captain Daly left the day-to-day running of the business to Daniel E. Williams, the distillery's general manager, under whose careful watch the distillery grew and prospered, and launched Tullamore Dew, the whiskey which bears his initials. Williams brought electricity to Tullamore in 1893. The distillery installed the town's first telephones and introduced motorised transport. Williams ran various commercial businesses throughout the Irish midlands – drinks businesses, tea importing, seed and grain retail, and a network of 26 general stores.[εκκρεμεί παραπομπή]

Following this period, Prohibition in the United States, an economic war with Britain in the 1930s, and World War II all harmed the industry. Tullamore was one of many Irish distilleries affected by a general decline in Irish whiskey sales worldwide. After World War II, Desmond Williams, grandson of Daniel E. Williams, used modern marketing techniques to re-establish Irish whiskey in world markets. In 1947, Desmond Williams also developed Irish Mist, an Irish liqueur made from a blend of whiskey, herbs and honey, using a recipe alleged to have disappeared in the late 17th century and to have been rediscovered in a manuscript 250 years later. Williams also capitalised on the Irish coffee concept, and promoted blended whiskies.

Culture

Patrick Street, Tullamore

The Tullamore Phoenix Festival is an annual celebration of extreme, art, culture and heritage first held in August 2000. Thursday 17th to Sunday 20 July 2008. The festival holds many events including – Hot Air Balloons, Sky Diving, Live Outdoor Concerts, Street Entertainment, Fire Parade, Fireworks and much more.

The Queen of the Land Festival takes place in Tullamore each year on the third weekend in November. Primarily a personality contest it seeks to find the best examples of a modern Irish woman. It is organised by Offaly Macra Na Feirme. Each year about 25 girls between the age of 17 and 35 compete to be crowned Queen of the Land. The festival provides a host of entertainment throughout the town over the weekend, primarily at night.

An annual Tullamore Show takes place in August every year. It has grown considerably over the past number of years and is now the largest one day show in the country. It was cancelled in 07 and 08 due to heavy rain, though it did run again in 2009 .[6]

Hugh Lynch's Pub on Kilbride Street has been operating as a public house since the early 1800s. In the early 1900s it was bought by the Williams Group, founders of the D.E. Williams Distillery, and run as a public bar and grocery, along with many other outlets in the Irish Midlands, from which they sold their growing whiskey brand "Tullamore Dew". It has been in the Lynch Family since 1971 and attracts a mix of older and younger clients. One of the highlights every year is their outdoor festival where they put a roof over the street and provide 3 days of live free music.

The national Fleadh Ceoil was held in Tullamore for the very first time in August 2007. It returned in 2008, and returned for a third time from 21–23 Aug 2009.[7]

The National Ploughing Championships, Europe's largest Outdoor Exhibition and Agriculture Trade Show, was held in Screggan, Tullamore in 2016. The total attendance figures for the 2016 Championship came to a record breaking 283,000. The show is set to return to Screggan on September 19, 20 & 21, 2017.[8]

Places of interest

Charleville Castle
Tullamore Dew

The Tullamore Dew Visitor Centre on the banks of the Grand Canal focuses on the distilling, canal and urban history of the town. Audio visual and self-guided tours are available daily.

Charleville Estate is located on the edge of the town. One of Ireland's most splendid Gothic buildings, Charleville Castle, stands in this parkland setting which contains the King Oak, one of the biggest and oldest oak trees in the country. The castle is said to be haunted and was featured on series 1 of Living TV's Most Haunted.[9] The oak woodland is botanically an important survivor of primeval stock. The park was the location of the annual Tullamore Agricultural Show. However following the cancellation of the show for two consecutive years due to heavy rainfall the event was moved to a new location with improved drainage in the Blue Ball area, south of the town.

Tullamore is an ideal base for discovering the Slieve Bloom Mountains to the south of the county. The 'Slieve Bloom' mountains have many beautiful walking and cycling trails as well as excellent picnic areas with some panoramic views of the surrounding lowlands.

Just south of Tullamore are the unique 'Lough Boora' parklands. The boglands are a landscape for a wide range of flora and fauna. The magnificent wetlands and wildlife wilderness of Lough Boora now host some of the most innovative land and environmental sculptures in Ireland. The artists, inspired by the rich natural and industrial legacy of the boglands, have created a series of large-scale sculptures that are now part of the environmental sculpture park Sculpture in the Parklands.

10 km west of Tullamore is the village of Rahan. The remains of a what was once a large monastery settlement founded by St.Carthage or Mochuda in the 6th century, can be seen in the village.

Within 5 minutes' drive is the Celtic cross of Durrow. In the middle of the 6th century a monastery was founded here by Saint Columba. The monastery is famous for an illuminated manuscript, written here in the 7th century, known as the Book of Durrow.

There are four metal sculptures located on the N52 Tullamore bypass funded under the percentage for arts scheme where 1% of the budget is allocated to roadside art.[10] Sculptor Maurice Harron created the figures presenting symbols of learning and sanctity. From the north the 1st figure holds up a chalice, the 2nd a book, the 3rd a crosier and the 4th shows the release of a flock of birds representing souls. The figures are located on esker ridges that the new roadway cuts through.[11]

Economy

Bridge Centre Shopping Centre, Tullamore

As the county town of Offaly many government services are located here such as the headquarters of Offaly County Council, the Midlands Regional Hospital and HSE services. Government departments located in the town include the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine and the Department of Education and Skills.

Tullamore has traditionally been an important industrial, retail and services centre for County Offaly. When the Grand Canal opened in the late 18th century, it offered increased connectivity to the town and offered an increased market for goods produced in the area. Tullamore Dew, a brand of Irish Whiskey was first distilled in the town in 1829. Tullamore was connected to the national railway network in 1854 by the Great Southern and Western Railway company, now Iarnród Éireann. Tullamore is also located near the boglands of the Bog of Allen. This provided employment through the work of Bord na Mona. Agriculture is also important to the local economy.

In recent years, more high end employment has been brought to the town with the opening of industrial estates in the town such as at Srah Industrial Estate. Employers here include the following multinationals, Sennheiser, GeneMedix, Covidien, Isotron and Zannini.

Retail

The Bridge Centre, is the main shopping area in the town with a variety of shops including Dunnes Stores,Vera Moda and more. The Tullamore retail park on the Portarlington road also has a mix of shops including Tesco, Heatons, Petmania, Harry Corry and Woodie's DIY. In September 2016, Boots opened in the town centre. This is the largest outlet outside of Dublin city centre and Cork.

Media

From 1975 until 24 March 2008 Tullamore was the home of RTÉ Radio 1's principal medium-wave transmitter, broadcasting the AM version of Radio 1 on 567 kHz, at a power of 500 kW. Before this, the main transmission centre had been sited near Athlone. Tullamore is also home to the headquarters of Midlands 103. It hosts a number of local newspapers including The Tullamore Tribune and The Offaly Topic.

Tullamore features in several books by best-selling author Lyn Andrews.

Demographics

The population of Tullamore (and its environs) rose by 28.8% from 1996 to 2006[12] from 10,029 to 12,927. The current population as of the census in 2011 is 14,361.

Transport & access

Tullamore railway station 1982

Tullamore railway station, first opened on 2 October 1854,[13] is served by trains on the Dublin-Galway and Dublin-Westport/Ballina inter-city routes.

In association with the County Westmeath urban centres, Athlone and Mullingar, Tullamore forms part of what is known as the Midlands Gateway.

Tullamore lies on the N52 national secondary road. This connects to Birr in the southwest of the county and continues towards Mullingar which is located to the northeast. At Kilbeggan (about 12 km north of Tullamore) the N52 forms an interchange with the M6 motorway which connects Dublin and Galway. The N80 national secondary road connects Tullamore with Killeigh, Mountmellick and Portlaoise, travelling in a southwards direction. A number of Regional roads run through the town such as the R420 connecting Tullamore to Moate, Clara and Portarlington, and the R421 which connects to Kinnitty.

N52 Tullamore Bypass

In 2009, Tullamore was bypassed. This involved re-routing the N52 road away from the centre of town forming an eastern bypass of the town. The bypass[14] is 14 km (8,7 mi) single carriageway standard and leaves the previous N52 approximately 6 km (3,7 mi) southwest of Tullamore town, intersecting with the N80 road, crossing over the Grand Canal, before rejoining the original N52 again 3 km (1,9 mi) north of the town. A spur has been constructed from the northern section of the route to the Tullamore Western Relief Road R443 resulting in the creation of an almost-full orbital route around Tullamore. The N80 now terminates at its junction with the N52. The scheme began construction in April 2008, and it was officially opened in late 2009 by an Taoiseach, Brian Cowen.

Sport

Tullamore has a variety of sporting organisations and clubs in the town. Gaelic Games, Association Football, Rugby Union and Athletics are all popular in the town with a number of high quality facilities.

Gaelic Games are represented by Tullamore GAA, Ballinamere Gaa and Durrow Gaa. Tullamore have been successful in winning three senior football championships and one senior hurling championship in recent times. Between football and hurling championships, Tullamore is the most successful club in the history of Offaly GAA. While Ballinamere recently won the intermediate hurling championship in 2013 which now means they are also playing senior along with Tullamore. While Durrow partake in the senior 'b' football championship. O'Connor Park is the Offaly GAA home stadium for both the Offaly Gaelic Football and Hurling teams. The stadium has a capacity of 20,000 following a major upgrade in 2006. The ground currently consists of a covered stand on one side of the pitch, with terracing on the other three. A stand was built in 1991, but replaced by the current structure in 2006. It seats 7,000 people and also includes a press box and a special section for wheelchair users.

Soccer is the most popular sports in the town, which is represented by Tullamore Town F.C.. It was founded in 1941 and currently have teams in the Leinster Senior League, Combined Counties League (2nd team Women's and Youths) and the Midland Schoolboys League.[15]

Tullamore Rugby Club was founded in 1937 and is based in Spollenstown. The Tullamore 1sts team was successful in 2012 as Ulster Bank All Ireland Jnr Cup Champions.[16]

Tullamore Harriers caters for athletics in the town, and was founded in 1953.[17]

Aura Leisure Centre Tullamore, located on Hophill Road, has a full gym suite and a 25-metre swimming pool. The centre offers a range of sport and fitness programmes, swimming lessons and various other courses and classes.

Tullamore Golf Club is situated at Brookfield, ever since 1926, located south of Tullamore town, on the Kinnity Road (R 421) just off the N 52. The 18-hole championship parkland golf course is enjoyed by members and visitors alike. It is rated among the top 25 parkland courses in Ireland in Backspin's 2014 Irish Golf Course Rankings.[18]

People

Notable current and former residents of Tullamore include:

Gallery

  • Hugh Lynchs Pub
    Hugh Lynchs Pub
  • Tullamore Court Hotel
    Tullamore Court Hotel
  • Charleville Castle
    Charleville Castle
  • Grand Canal
    Grand Canal
  • Columcille Street
    Columcille Street

See also

References

  1. ↑ «Tullamore Dew opens Irish distillery». Drinks Industry Ireland. 17 September 2014. http://www.drinksindustryireland.ie/tullamore-dew-opens-irish-distillery/. Ανακτήθηκε στις 17 January 2017. 
  2. ↑ http://www.omolloy.com/
  3. ↑ «Charleville Demesne & The Burys, 1600–1900». Ανακτήθηκε στις 15 Δεκεμβρίου 2012. 
  4. ↑ Byrne, Michael. The Tullamore Balloon Fire – First Air Disaster in History, Offaly Historical and Archaeological Society website, 9 January 2007 (retrieved 7 July 2011), which in turn cites:
  5. ↑ 5,0 5,1 5,2 Harman, Murtagh (1980). Irish Midland Studies: Essays in honour of N. W. English, Athlone. σελίδες 213–228. 
  6. ↑ «Tullamore Show cancelled for second year after downpours». Irish Independent. 11 August 2008. http://www.independent.ie/national-news/tullamore-show-cancelled-for-second-year-after-downpours-1451558.html. 
  7. ↑ The 2009 Fleadh Ceoil
  8. ↑ «2017 Return to Screggan». National Ploughing Association. 11 Οκτωβρίου 2016. Ανακτήθηκε στις 16 Νοεμβρίου 2016. 
  9. ↑ «Season 1 Episode 16». tv.com. 10 Σεπτεμβρίου 2002. 
  10. ↑ http://www.arts-sport-tourism.gov.ie/pdfs/English-text5.htm
  11. ↑ http://www.offaly.ie/eng/Services/Arts_and_Culture/Gallery/Public_Art_/
  12. ↑ «Demographic context» (PDF). Offaly County Council Development Plan 2009 – 2015. Ανακτήθηκε στις 28 Ιουνίου 2008. 
  13. ↑ «Tullamore station» (PDF). Railscot – Irish Railways. Ανακτήθηκε στις 7 Σεπτεμβρίου 2007. 
  14. ↑ N52 Tullamore Bypass Scheme – www.nra.ie
  15. ↑ http://www.tullamoretownfc.com/
  16. ↑ http://www.tullamorerugby.com/default.aspx
  17. ↑ http://www.tullamoreharriers.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=48&Itemid=54
  18. ↑ «About Us | Tullamore Golf Club». www.tullamoregolfclub.ie. Ανακτήθηκε στις 1 Δεκεμβρίου 2016. 
  19. ↑ Weber, Bruce. "Gerald Gardner, 83, Dies; Bolstered Sex Bias Suit", The New York Times, 28 July 2009. Accessed 29 July 2009.

External links

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