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'''Springer Science+Business Media''' or '''Springer''' is a global [[publishing]] company that publishes books, [[e-book]]s and peer-reviewed journals in science, technical and medical (STM) publishing.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.bloomberg.com/quote/648808Z:GR/profile |title=648808Z Profile & Executives - Springer Science+Business Media GmbH - Bloomberg |work=bloomberg.com|accessdate=14 November 2012}}</ref> Springer also hosts a number of scientific databases, including SpringerLink, [[Springer Protocols]], and SpringerImages. Book publications include major reference works, textbooks, monographs and book series; more than 168,000 titles are available as e-books in 24 subject collections.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://link.springer.com/search?facet-content-type=%22Book%22#close | title=Search Results (within Book) | publisher=Springer | work=SpringerLink | accessdate=1 March 2014}}</ref> Springer has major offices in [[Berlin]], [[Heidelberg]], [[Dordrecht]], and [[New York City]].
'''Springer Science+Business Media''' or '''Springer''' is a global [[publishing]] company that publishes books, [[e-book]]s and peer-reviewed journals in science, technical and medical (STM) publishing.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.bloomberg.com/quote/648808Z:GR/profile |title=648808Z Profile & Executives - Springer Science+Business Media GmbH - Bloomberg |work=bloomberg.com|accessdate=14 November 2012}}</ref> Springer also hosts a number of scientific databases, including SpringerLink, [[Springer Protocols]], and SpringerImages. Book publications include major reference works, textbooks, monographs and book series; more than 168,000 titles are available as e-books in 24 subject collections.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://link.springer.com/search?facet-content-type=%22Book%22#close | title=Search Results (within Book) | publisher=Springer | work=SpringerLink | accessdate=1 March 2014}}</ref> Springer has major offices in [[Berlin]], [[Heidelberg]], [[Dordrecht]], and [[New York City]].


On January 15, 2015, [[Georg von Holtzbrinck Publishing Group]] / [[Nature Publishing Group]] and Springer Science+Business Media announced a merger.<ref>[http://se.macmillan.com/Media/News/HOLTZBRINCK-PUBLISHING-GROUP-AND-BC-PARTNERS-ANNOUNCE--AGREEMENT-TO-MERGE-MAJORITY-OF-MACMILLAN-SCIENCE-AND-EDUCATION--WITH-SPRINGER-SCIENCE-BUSINESS-MEDIA/?taxId=145 "Holtzbrinck Publishing Group and BC Partners Announce Agreement to Merge Majority of MacMillan Science and Education with Springer Science+Business Media"], Jan. 15, 2015.</ref> The transaction was concluded in May 2015 and a new joint venture company, Springer Nature, was formed, with Holtzbrinck having the majority 53% share and BC Partners retaining 47% interest in the company<ref>{{cite news|title=Completed merger forms 'Springer Nature' |url=http://www.thebookseller.com/news/completed-merger-forms-springer-nature |language=en |author=Caroline Carpenter |publisher=The Bookseller |date=May 6, 2015 |accessdate=July 8, 2015 }}</ref>.
On January 15, 2015, [[Georg von Holtzbrinck Publishing Group]] / [[Nature Publishing Group]] and Springer Science+Business Media announced a merger.<ref>[http://se.macmillan.com/Media/News/HOLTZBRINCK-PUBLISHING-GROUP-AND-BC-PARTNERS-ANNOUNCE--AGREEMENT-TO-MERGE-MAJORITY-OF-MACMILLAN-SCIENCE-AND-EDUCATION--WITH-SPRINGER-SCIENCE-BUSINESS-MEDIA/?taxId=145 "Holtzbrinck Publishing Group and BC Partners Announce Agreement to Merge Majority of MacMillan Science and Education with Springer Science+Business Media"], Jan. 15, 2015.</ref> The transaction was concluded in May 2015 and a new joint venture company, Springer Nature, was formed, with Holtzbrinck having the majority 53% share and BC Partners retaining 47% interest in the company.<ref>{{cite news|title=Completed merger forms 'Springer Nature' |url=http://www.thebookseller.com/news/completed-merger-forms-springer-nature |author=Caroline Carpenter |publisher=The Bookseller |date=May 6, 2015 |accessdate=July 8, 2015 }}</ref>


==History==
==History==
[[Julius Springer]] founded '''Springer-Verlag''' in Berlin in 1842 and his son Ferdinand Springer grew it from a small firm of 4 employees into Germany's second largest academic publisher with 65 staff in just 30 years.<ref name=springer_history>"[http://www.springer.com/index.php?id=165 History]". Springer Science+Business Media.</ref><ref name=springer_chron>"[http://www.springer.com/index.php?id=199 Chronology]". Springer Science+Business Media.</ref> In 1964, Springer expanded its business internationally, opening an office in [[New York]]. Offices in [[Tokyo]], [[Paris]], [[Milan]], [[Hong Kong]], and [[Delhi]] soon followed.
[[Julius Springer]] founded '''Springer-Verlag''' in Berlin in 1842 and his son Ferdinand Springer grew it from a small firm of 4 employees into Germany's second largest academic publisher with 65 staff in just 30 years.<ref name=springer_history>"[http://www.springer.com/index.php?id=165 History]". Springer Science+Business Media.</ref><ref name=springer_chron>"[http://www.springer.com/index.php?id=199 Chronology]". Springer Science+Business Media.</ref> In 1964, Springer expanded its business internationally, opening an office in [[New York]]. Offices in [[Tokyo]], [[Paris]], [[Milan]], [[Hong Kong]], and [[Delhi]] soon followed.


The academic publishing company '''BertelsmannSpringer''' was formed after [[Bertelsmann]] bought a majority stake in Springer-Verlag in 1999.<ref name=springer_history/><ref name=poynder2003/> The British investment groups [[Cinven]] and [[Candover]] bought BertelsmannSpringer from Bertelsmann in 2003.<ref name=poynder2003>Poynder, Richard. "[http://newsbreaks.infotoday.com/nbReader.asp?ArticleId=16696 BertelsmannSpringer is Sold to Private Equity Firms]". ''Information Today''. May 27, 2003.</ref> They merged the company in 2004 with the [[Netherlands|Dutch]] publisher '''Kluwer Academic Publishers''' which they bought from [[Wolters Kluwer]] in 2002,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.infotoday.com/newsbreaks/nb021104-1.htm |title=Kluwer Academic Publishers Sold to Venture Capitalists |publisher=Infotoday.com |date= |accessdate=2014-08-15}}</ref> to form '''Springer Science+Business Media.'''
The academic publishing company '''BertelsmannSpringer''' was formed after [[Bertelsmann]] bought a majority stake in Springer-Verlag in 1999.<ref name=springer_history/><ref name=poynder2003/> The British investment groups [[Cinven]] and [[Candover]] bought BertelsmannSpringer from Bertelsmann in 2003.<ref name=poynder2003>Poynder, Richard. "[http://newsbreaks.infotoday.com/nbReader.asp?ArticleId=16696 BertelsmannSpringer is Sold to Private Equity Firms]". ''Information Today''. May 27, 2003.</ref> They merged the company in 2004 with the [[Netherlands|Dutch]] publisher '''Kluwer Academic Publishers''' which they bought from [[Wolters Kluwer]] in 2002,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.infotoday.com/newsbreaks/nb021104-1.htm |title=Kluwer Academic Publishers Sold to Venture Capitalists |publisher=Infotoday.com |date= |accessdate=2014-08-15}}</ref> to form '''Springer Science+Business Media.'''
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SpringerProtocols is home to a collection of protocols, recipes which provide step-by-step instructions for conducting experiments in research labs.
SpringerProtocols is home to a collection of protocols, recipes which provide step-by-step instructions for conducting experiments in research labs.


SpringerImages was launched in 2008 and offers a collection of currently 1.8 million images spanning science, technology, and medicine.
SpringerImages was launched in 2008 and offers a collection of currently 1.8 million images spanning science, technology, and medicine.


SpringerMaterials was launched in 2009 and is a platform for accessing the [[Landolt-Börnstein]] database of research and information on materials and their properties.
SpringerMaterials was launched in 2009 and is a platform for accessing the [[Landolt-Börnstein]] database of research and information on materials and their properties.
Γραμμή 51: Γραμμή 51:


==Open access==
==Open access==
For some of its journals, Springer does not require its authors to transfer their copyrights, and allows them to decide whether their articles are published under an [[open access (publishing)|open-access]] license or in the traditional restricted license model.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.springer.com/open+access/open+choice?SGWID=0-40359-0-0-0 |title=Springer Open Choice |publisher=Springer.com |date= |accessdate=2014-08-15}}</ref> While open-access publishing typically requires the author to pay a fee for copyright retention, this fee is sometimes covered by a third party. For example, a national institution in Poland allows authors to publish in open-access journals without incurring any personal cost - but using public funds. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.springer.com/open+access/authors+rights/institutional+compliance?SGWID=0-176707-0-0-0 |title=Springer Open Choice for Polish Institutions |publisher=Springer.com |date= |accessdate=2014-08-15}}</ref>
For some of its journals, Springer does not require its authors to transfer their copyrights, and allows them to decide whether their articles are published under an [[open access (publishing)|open-access]] license or in the traditional restricted license model.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.springer.com/open+access/open+choice?SGWID=0-40359-0-0-0 |title=Springer Open Choice |publisher=Springer.com |date= |accessdate=2014-08-15}}</ref> While open-access publishing typically requires the author to pay a fee for copyright retention, this fee is sometimes covered by a third party. For example, a national institution in Poland allows authors to publish in open-access journals without incurring any personal cost - but using public funds.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.springer.com/open+access/authors+rights/institutional+compliance?SGWID=0-176707-0-0-0 |title=Springer Open Choice for Polish Institutions |publisher=Springer.com |date= |accessdate=2014-08-15}}</ref>
Springer is a member of the [[Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association]].
Springer is a member of the [[Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association]].


Έκδοση από την 06:14, 9 Ιουλίου 2015

Αυτό το λήμμα αφορά the German academic publishing company. Για άλλες χρήσεις, δείτε: Springer (disambiguation).

Πρότυπο:Infobox publisher Springer Science+Business Media or Springer is a global publishing company that publishes books, e-books and peer-reviewed journals in science, technical and medical (STM) publishing.[1] Springer also hosts a number of scientific databases, including SpringerLink, Springer Protocols, and SpringerImages. Book publications include major reference works, textbooks, monographs and book series; more than 168,000 titles are available as e-books in 24 subject collections.[2] Springer has major offices in Berlin, Heidelberg, Dordrecht, and New York City.

On January 15, 2015, Georg von Holtzbrinck Publishing Group / Nature Publishing Group and Springer Science+Business Media announced a merger.[3] The transaction was concluded in May 2015 and a new joint venture company, Springer Nature, was formed, with Holtzbrinck having the majority 53% share and BC Partners retaining 47% interest in the company.[4]

History

Julius Springer founded Springer-Verlag in Berlin in 1842 and his son Ferdinand Springer grew it from a small firm of 4 employees into Germany's second largest academic publisher with 65 staff in just 30 years.[5][6] In 1964, Springer expanded its business internationally, opening an office in New York. Offices in Tokyo, Paris, Milan, Hong Kong, and Delhi soon followed.

The academic publishing company BertelsmannSpringer was formed after Bertelsmann bought a majority stake in Springer-Verlag in 1999.[5][7] The British investment groups Cinven and Candover bought BertelsmannSpringer from Bertelsmann in 2003.[7] They merged the company in 2004 with the Dutch publisher Kluwer Academic Publishers which they bought from Wolters Kluwer in 2002,[8] to form Springer Science+Business Media.

Springer acquired the open-access publisher BioMed Central in October 2008 for an undisclosed amount.

In 2009, Cinven and Candover sold Springer to two private equity firms, EQT Partners and Government of Singapore Investment Corporation. The closing of the sale was confirmed in February 2010 after the competition authorities in the USA and in Europe approved the transfer.

In 2011, Springer acquired Pharma Marketing and Publishing Services from Wolters Kluwer.[9]

In 2013, the London-based private equity firm BC Partners acquired a majority stake in Springer from EQT and GIC for $4.4 billion.[10]

In 2014, it was revealed that Springer had published 16 fake papers in its journals that had been computer-generated using SCIgen. Springer subsequently removed all the papers from these journals. IEEE had also done the same thing by removing more than 100 fake papers from its conference proceedings.[11]

Electronic products

Springer provides its electronic book and journal content on its SpringerLink site, which launched in 1996.

SpringerProtocols is home to a collection of protocols, recipes which provide step-by-step instructions for conducting experiments in research labs.

SpringerImages was launched in 2008 and offers a collection of currently 1.8 million images spanning science, technology, and medicine.

SpringerMaterials was launched in 2009 and is a platform for accessing the Landolt-Börnstein database of research and information on materials and their properties.

AuthorMapper is a free online tool for visualizing scientific research that enables document discovery based on author locations and geographic maps. The tool helps users explore patterns in scientific research, identify literature trends, discover collaborative relationships, and locate experts in several scientific/medical fields.

Open access

For some of its journals, Springer does not require its authors to transfer their copyrights, and allows them to decide whether their articles are published under an open-access license or in the traditional restricted license model.[12] While open-access publishing typically requires the author to pay a fee for copyright retention, this fee is sometimes covered by a third party. For example, a national institution in Poland allows authors to publish in open-access journals without incurring any personal cost - but using public funds.[13] Springer is a member of the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association.

Selected imprints

  • Springer Spektrum

    • Journals

    See Category:Springer Science+Business Media academic journals.

    Selected publications

    See also

    References

    1. ↑ «648808Z Profile & Executives - Springer Science+Business Media GmbH - Bloomberg». bloomberg.com. Ανακτήθηκε στις 14 Νοεμβρίου 2012. 
    2. ↑ «Search Results (within Book)». SpringerLink. Springer. Ανακτήθηκε στις 1 Μαρτίου 2014. 
    3. ↑ "Holtzbrinck Publishing Group and BC Partners Announce Agreement to Merge Majority of MacMillan Science and Education with Springer Science+Business Media", Jan. 15, 2015.
    4. ↑ Caroline Carpenter (May 6, 2015). «Completed merger forms 'Springer Nature'». The Bookseller. http://www.thebookseller.com/news/completed-merger-forms-springer-nature. Ανακτήθηκε στις July 8, 2015. 
    5. ↑ 5,0 5,1 "History". Springer Science+Business Media.
    6. ↑ "Chronology". Springer Science+Business Media.
    7. ↑ 7,0 7,1 Poynder, Richard. "BertelsmannSpringer is Sold to Private Equity Firms". Information Today. May 27, 2003.
    8. ↑ «Kluwer Academic Publishers Sold to Venture Capitalists». Infotoday.com. Ανακτήθηκε στις 15 Αυγούστου 2014. 
    9. ↑ Shah, Maulik. «Springer Acquisition». 
    10. ↑ Heiskanen, Ville (19 Ιουνίου 2013). «BC Partners to Buy Springer Science for $4.4 Billion». Bloomberg.com. Ανακτήθηκε στις 15 Αυγούστου 2014. 
    11. ↑ Noorden, Richard Van (24 Φεβρουαρίου 2014). «Publishers withdraw more than 120 gibberish papers». Nature News. Ανακτήθηκε στις 1 Μαρτίου 2014. 
    12. ↑ «Springer Open Choice». Springer.com. Ανακτήθηκε στις 15 Αυγούστου 2014. 
    13. ↑ «Springer Open Choice for Polish Institutions». Springer.com. Ανακτήθηκε στις 15 Αυγούστου 2014. 
    14. ↑ «Springer Praxis Books». Springer Science+Business Media. Ανακτήθηκε στις 1 Μαΐου 2015. 

    External links

    Ανακτήθηκε από "https://el.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media&oldid=5960660"