Αρχείο:The Temptations on the Ed Sullivan Show.JPG

Σύνοψη

ΠεριγραφήThe Temptations on the Ed Sullivan Show.JPG	English: 1969 Press Publicity Photograph 8" X 10" Original publicity still supplied by Bernie Ilson, Inc. / Publicity for Motown Records & The Ed Sullivan Show Left to right: Otis Williams, Melvin Franklin, Eddie Kendricks, Paul Williams, and Dennis Edwards
Ημερομηνία	On or about September 28, 1969
Πηγή	http://www.ebay.com/itm/THE-TEMPTATIONS-Press-Publicity-PHOTO-Motown-Dennis-Edwards-/350585721862?ssPageName=ADME:X:AAQ:US:1123
Δημιουργός	Bernie Ilson, Inc.
άλλες εκδόσεις	This file has an extracted image: Paul Williams of the Temptations on Ed Sullivan Show.jpg.

Αδειοδότηση

Αυτό το έργο είναι κοινό κτήμα επειδή δημοσιεύτηκε στις Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες μεταξύ 1929 και 1977 και χωρίς σημείωση πνευματικών δικαιωμάτων. Εκτός αν ο δημιουργός έχει πεθάνει πριν πολλά χρόνια, αποτελεί πνευματική ιδιοκτησία σε πολλές δικαιοδοσίες όπου δεν ισχύει ο κανόνας της μικρότερης διάρκειας για αμερικανικά έργα, όπως στον Καναδά (50 p.m.a.), Ηπειρωτική Κίνα (50 p.m.a., εκτός Χονγκ Κονγκ και Μακάου), Γερμανία (70 p.m.a.), Μεξικό (100 p.m.a.), Ελβετία (70 p.m.a.), και άλλες χώρες με ξεχωριστές συνθήκες. Δείτε αυτή τη σελίδα για ευρύτερη εξήγηση. العربية ∙ беларуская (тарашкевіца) ∙ čeština ∙ Deutsch ∙ Ελληνικά ∙ English ∙ español ∙ français ∙ Bahasa Indonesia ∙ italiano ∙ 日本語 ∙ 한국어 ∙ македонски ∙ Nederlands ∙ português ∙ русский ∙ sicilianu ∙ slovenščina ∙ ไทย ∙ Tiếng Việt ∙ 中文（简体） ∙ 中文（繁體） ∙ +/−

Additional source information:

Bernie Ilson, Inc. has usually not included explicit copyright notices in its publicity photos, as shown in this 1983 photo of Susam Hammett and Michael Landon and another 1983 photo of Hammett.

As stated by film production expert Eve Light Honthaner in The Complete Film Production Handbook, (Focal Press, 2001 p. 211.):

"Publicity photos (star headshots) have traditionally not been copyrighted. Since they are disseminated to the public, they are generally considered public domain, and therefore clearance by the studio that produced them is not necessary."

Nancy Wolff, includes a similar explanation:

"There is a vast body of photographs, including but not limited to publicity stills, that have no notice as to who may have created them." (The Professional Photographer's Legal Handbook By Nancy E. Wolff, Allworth Communications, 2007, p. 55.)

Film industry author Gerald Mast, in Film Study and the Copyright Law (1989) p. 87, writes:

"According to the old copyright act, such production stills were not automatically copyrighted as part of the film and required separate copyrights as photographic stills. The new copyright act similarly excludes the production still from automatic copyright but gives the film's copyright owner a five-year period in which to copyright the stills. Most studios have never bothered to copyright these stills because they were happy to see them pass into the public domain, to be used by as many people in as many publications as possible."

Kristin Thompson, committee chairperson of the Society for Cinema and Media Studies writes in the conclusion of a 1993 conference with cinema scholars and editors, that they "expressed the opinion that it is not necessary for authors to request permission to reproduce frame enlargements. . . [and] some trade presses that publish educational and scholarly film books also take the position that permission is not necessary for reproducing frame enlargements and publicity photographs."[1]