Ενέργεια μηδενικού σημείου: Διαφορά μεταξύ των αναθεωρήσεων
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Χωρίς σύνοψη επεξεργασίας |
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{{χωρίς παραπομπές}} |
{{χωρίς παραπομπές}} |
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Η '''ενέργεια του κενού''' ή '''ενέργεια του μηδενικού σημείου''' ''(Zero |
Η '''ενέργεια του κενού''' ή '''ενέργεια του μηδενικού σημείου''' ''(Zero-Point Energy)'' είναι η ελάχιστη [[ενέργεια]] την οποία είναι δυνατό να κατέχει ένα σύστημα σε κβαντικό επίπεδο, και συμβαίνει στο [[απόλυτο μηδέν]]. Στην [[κοσμολογία]], η ενέργεια του κενού θεωρείται ότι είναι η πηγή της [[κοσμολογική σταθερά|κοσμολογικής σταθεράς]]. |
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Πειραματική απόδειξη της ύπαρξης της ενέργειας του κενού, αποτελεί το περίφημο [[Φαινόμενο Κάζιμιρ|φαινόμενο Casimir]]. |
Πειραματική απόδειξη της ύπαρξης της ενέργειας του κενού, αποτελεί το περίφημο [[Φαινόμενο Κάζιμιρ|φαινόμενο Casimir]]. |
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== Άρθρα σε έντυπα μέσα == |
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== Αναφορές == |
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* {{cite magazine|last1=Battersby|first1=S.|title=It's Confirmed: Matter is Merely Vacuum Fluctuations|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn16095-its-confirmed-matter-is-merely-vacuum-fluctuations/|magazine=New Scientist|date=20 November 2008|archive-url= https://archive.today/20170527103358/https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn16095-its-confirmed-matter-is-merely-vacuum-fluctuations/|archive-date=27 May 2017|url-status=live}} |
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<references/> |
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* {{cite web|last1=Bennett|first1=J.|title=Scientists Catch "Virtual Particles" Hopping In and Out of Existence|url=http://www.popularmechanics.com/space/a24076/neutron-star-particles-spring-into-existence/|website=Popular Mechanics|archive-url= https://archive.today/20170529125825/http://www.popularmechanics.com/space/a24076/neutron-star-particles-spring-into-existence/|archive-date=29 May 2017|date=30 November 2016|url-status=live}} |
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* {{cite book |
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* {{cite journal|last1=Cho|first1=A.|title=Physicists Observe Weird Quantum Fluctuations Of Empty Space—Maybe|journal=Science|date=1 October 2015|doi=10.1126/science.aad4655|url=https://www.science.org/content/article/physicists-observe-weird-quantum-fluctuations-empty-space-maybe|archive-url= https://archive.today/20170527215824/http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2015/10/physicists-observe-weird-quantum-fluctuations-empty-space-maybe|archive-date=27 May 2017|url-status=live}} |
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| last = Beiser | first = Arthur |
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* {{Cite journal|last1=Cho|first1=A.|title=Astronomers Spot Signs of Weird Quantum Distortion in Space|journal=Science|url=https://www.science.org/content/article/astronomers-spot-signs-weird-quantum-distortion-space|archive-url= https://archive.today/20170529124421/http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/11/astronomers-spot-signs-weird-quantum-distortion-space|archive-date=29 May 2017|doi=10.1126/science.aal0437|date=30 November 2016|url-status=live}} |
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| title = Concepts of Modern Physics |
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* {{cite web|last1=Choi|first1=C. Q.|title=Something from Nothing? A Vacuum Can Yield Flashes of Light|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/something-from-nothing-vacuum-can-yield-flashes-of-light/|website=Scientific American|archive-url= https://archive.today/20170530082822/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/something-from-nothing-vacuum-can-yield-flashes-of-light/|archive-date=30 May 2017|date=12 February 2013|url-status=live}} |
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| publisher = McGraw-Hill |
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* {{cite magazine|last1=Chown|first1=M.|title=Science: Can Photons Travel 'Faster Than Light'?|magazine=New Scientist|date=7 April 1990|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg12617112-900-science-can-photons-travel-faster-than-light/|archive-url= https://archive.today/20170530133947/https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg12617112-900-science-can-photons-travel-faster-than-light/|archive-date=30 May 2017|url-status=live}} |
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| year = 1967 |
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* {{cite web|last1=Cook|first1=N.|title=Anti-Gravity Propulsion Comes "Out of the Closet"|url=http://www.janes.com/aerospace/civil/news/jdw/jdw020729_1_n.shtml|website=Jane's Defence Weekly|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20020802222642/http://www.janes.com/aerospace/civil/news/jdw/jdw020729_1_n.shtml|archive-date=2 August 2002|location=London|date=29 July 2002|url-status=dead}} |
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}} |
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* {{cite magazine|last1=Crane|first1=L.|title=Quantum Particles Seen Distorting Light From a Neutron Star|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2114797-quantum-particles-seen-distorting-light-from-a-neutron-star/#link_time=1480530002|magazine=New Scientist|archive-url= https://archive.today/20170529132415/https://www.newscientist.com/article/2114797-quantum-particles-seen-distorting-light-from-a-neutron-star/%23link_time=1480530002|archive-date=29 May 2017|date=30 November 2016|url-status=live}} |
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* {{cite journal |
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* {{cite news|last1=Davies|first1=P. C. W.|author-link1=Paul Davies|date=22 September 1994|title=Inertia Theory: Magic Roundabout. Paul Davies on the Meaning of Mach's Principle|newspaper=The Guardian|url=http://www.physics.adelaide.edu.au:80/itp/staff/pcwd/Guardian/1994/940922Mach.html|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/19990117003745/http://www.physics.adelaide.edu.au/itp/staff/pcwd/Guardian/1994/940922Mach.html|archive-date=1999-01-17|url-status=dead}} |
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| author = Albert Einstein |author2=L. Hopf |
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* {{cite magazine|last1=Davies|first1=P. C. W.|author-link1=Paul Davies|title=Out of the Ether: The Changing Face of the Vacuum|magazine=New Scientist|volume=212|issue=2839|date=19 November 2011|pages=50–52|doi= 10.1016/S0262-4079(11)62858-3|bibcode= 2011NewSc.212Q..50D}} |
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| title = On a theorem of the probability calculus and its application to the theory of radiation |
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* {{cite web|last1=Lucentini|first1=J.|title=Weighty Implications: NASA Funds Controversial Gravity Shield|url=http://www.space.com/businesstechnology/technology/anti_grav_000928.html|website=SPACE.com|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20001109173400/http://www.space.com/businesstechnology/technology/anti_grav_000928.html|archive-date=9 November 2000|date=28 September 2000|url-status=dead}} |
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| url = https://archive.org/details/sim_annalen-der-physik_1910_33_16/page/1096 |
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* {{cite magazine|last1=Matthews|first1=R.|title=Nothing Like a Vacuum|magazine=New Scientist|date=25 February 1995|volume=145|issue=1966|pages=30–33|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg14519664-100-nothing-like-a-vacuum/|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160413064419/https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg14519664-100-nothing-like-a-vacuum/|archive-date=2016-04-13|url-status=live}} [http://www.calphysics.org/haisch/matthews.html Via Calphysics Institute]. |
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| journal = Ann. Phys. |
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* {{cite web|last1=O'Carroll|first1=E.|title=Scientists Examine Nothing, Find Something|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2013/0325/Scientists-examine-nothing-find-something|website=Christian Science Monitor|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130331152355/http://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2013/0325/Scientists-examine-nothing-find-something|archive-date=2013-03-31|date=25 March 2013|url-status=live}} |
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| volume = 33 |
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* {{cite web|last1=Pilkington|first1=M.|title=Zero Point Energy|url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2003/jul/17/research.highereducation|website=The Guardian|date=17 July 2003|archive-url= https://archive.today/20170207125201/https://www.theguardian.com/education/2003/jul/17/research.highereducation|archive-date=2017-02-07|url-status=live}} |
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| pages = 1096–1104 |
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* {{cite journal|last1=Powell|first1=C. S.|title=Unbearable Lightness: A New Theory May Explain Why Objects Tend to Stay Put|journal=Scientific American|date=1994|volume=270|issue=5|pages=30–31|doi=10.1038/scientificamerican0594-27}} |
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| ref = Einstein-Hopf-1910a |
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* {{cite magazine|last1=Scott|first1=W. B.|title=To the Stars|magazine=Aviation Week & Space Technology|date=March 2004|pages=50–53|url=http://www.zpower.com/en/documents/Paper_ToTheStars.pdf|access-date=25 October 2016|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170226115809/http://www.zpower.com/en/documents/Paper_ToTheStars.pdf|archive-date=26 February 2017}} |
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| year = 1910 |
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* {{cite web|last1=Siegel|first1=E.|author-link=Ethan Siegel|title=What Is The Physics Of Nothing?|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2016/09/22/what-is-the-physics-of-nothing/#423602bc1451|website=Forbes|date=22 September 2016|archive-url= https://archive.today/20170527101227/https://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2016/09/22/what-is-the-physics-of-nothing/%2358e1445375f8#423602bc1451|archive-date=27 May 2017|url-status=live}} |
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}} |
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* {{cite magazine|last1=Shiga|first1=D.|title=Vacuum Energy: Something For Nothing?|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg18825191-800-vacuum-energy-something-for-nothing/|magazine=New Scientist|date=28 September 2005|archive-url= https://archive.today/20170527100244/https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg18825191-800-vacuum-energy-something-for-nothing/|archive-date=27 May 2017|url-status=live}} |
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* {{cite journal |
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* {{cite web|last1=Wall|first1=M.|date=27 March 2014|title=Does Dark Energy Spring From the 'Quantum Vacuum?'|url=http://www.space.com/25238-dark-energy-quantum-vacuum-theory.html|website=SPACE.com|archive-url= https://archive.today/20140329030122/http://www.space.com/25238-dark-energy-quantum-vacuum-theory.html|archive-date=2014-03-29|url-status=live}} |
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| author = Albert Einstein |author2=L. Hopf |
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{{Refend}} |
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| title = Statistical investigation of a resonator’ s motion in a radiation field |
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| url = https://archive.org/details/sim_annalen-der-physik_1910_33_16/page/1105 |
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== Βιβλιογραφία == |
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| journal = Ann. Phys. |
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* {{cite journal|ref={{harvid|Abbott et al.|1996}}|last1=Abbott|first1=D.|last2=Davis|first2=B. R.|last3=Phillips|first3=N. J.|last4=Eshraghian|first4=K.|date=1996|title=Simple derivation of the thermal noise formula using window-limited Fourier transforms and other conundrums|journal=IEEE Transactions on Education|volume=39|issue=1|pages=1–13|doi= 10.1109/13.485226|bibcode= 1996ITEdu..39....1A|citeseerx= 10.1.1.129.5792}} |
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| volume = 33 |
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* {{cite journal|last1=Barton|first1=G.|last2=Scharnhorst|first2=K.|title=QED Between Parallel Mirrors: Light Signals Faster Than ''c'', or Amplified by the Vacuum|journal=Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General|volume=26|issue=8|year=1993|pages=2037–2046|issn=0305-4470|doi=10.1088/0305-4470/26/8/024|bibcode=1993JPhA...26.2037B}} |
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| pages = 1105–1115 |
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* {{cite journal|last1=Battersby|first1=Stephen|title=Dark energy: Staring into darkness|journal=Nature|date=2016|volume=537|issue=7622|pages=201–204|doi=10.1038/537S201a|pmid=27681049|bibcode=2016Natur.537S.201B|s2cid=4398296}} |
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| ref = Einstein-Hopf-1910b |
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* {{cite book|ref={{harvid|Bordag et al.|2009}}|last1=Bordag|first1=M|last2=Klimchitskaya|first2=G. L.|last3=Mohideen|first3=U.|last4=Mostepanenko|first4=V. M.|title=Advances in the Casimir Effect|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-923874-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CqE1f_s5PgYC|lccn=2009279136|oclc=319209483}} |
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| year = 1910 |
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* {{cite journal|ref={{harvid|Bostick et al.|1966}}|last1=Bostick|first1=W. H.|last2=Prior|first2=W.|last3=Grunberger|first3=L.|last4=Emmert|first4=G.|date=1966|title=Pair Production of Plasma Vortices|journal=Physics of Fluids|volume=9|issue=10|page=2078|doi= 10.1063/1.1761572|bibcode= 1966PhFl....9.2078B}} |
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}} |
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* {{cite journal|ref={{harvid|Bressi et al.|2002}}|last1=Bressi|first1=G.|last2=Carugno|first2=G.|last3=Onofrio|first3=R.|last4=Ruoso|first4=G.|year=2002|title=Measurement of the Casimir Force between Parallel Metallic Surfaces|journal=Physical Review Letters|volume=88|issue=4|page=041804|doi= 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.041804|arxiv= quant-ph/0203002|bibcode= 2002PhRvL..88d1804B|pmid= 11801108|s2cid=43354557}} |
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* {{cite journal |
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* {{cite journal|ref={{harvid|Capasso et al.|2007}}|last1=Capasso|first1=F.|last2=Munday|first2=J. N.|last3=Iannuzzi|first3=D.|last4=Chan|first4=H. B.|title=Casimir Forces and Quantum Electrodynamical Torques: Physics and Nanomechanics|journal=IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics|date=2007|volume=13|issue=2|pages=400–414|url=http://www.seas.harvard.edu/capasso/wp-content/uploads/publications/Capasso_STJQE_13_400_2007.pdf|doi=10.1109/JSTQE.2007.893082|bibcode=2007IJSTQ..13..400C|s2cid=32996610}} |
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| author = Albert Einstein |author2=Otto Stern, |
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* {{cite journal|last1=Carroll|first1=S. M.|author-link1=Sean M. Carroll|last2=Field|first2=G. B.|title=Is There Evidence for Cosmic Anisotropy in the Polarization of Distant Radio Sources?|journal=Physical Review Letters|volume=79|issue=13|year=1997|pages=2394–2397|issn=0031-9007|doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.2394|bibcode=1997PhRvL..79.2394C|arxiv=astro-ph/9704263|s2cid=13943605|url=https://cds.cern.ch/record/324872/files/9704263.pdf}} |
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| title = — |
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* {{cite journal|ref={{harvid|Chan et al.|2001}}|last1=Chan|first1=H. B.|last2=Aksyuk|first2=V. A.|last3=Kleiman|first3=R. N.|last4=Bishop|first4=D. J.|last5=Capasso|first5=F.|title=Quantum Mechanical Actuation of Microelectromechanical Systems by the Casimir Force|journal=Science|date=2001|volume=291|issue=5510|pages=1941–1944|doi=10.1126/science.1057984|bibcode=2001Sci...291.1941C|pmid=11239149|s2cid=17072357|url=https://www.mit.edu/~kardar/research/seminars/Casimir/Science-Capasso.pdf}} |
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| url = https://archive.org/details/sim_annalen-der-physik_1913_40_3/page/551 |
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* {{cite book|last1=Conlon|first1=T. E.|title=Thinking About Nothing : Otto Von Guericke and The Magdeburg Experiments on the Vacuum|date=2011|publisher=Saint Austin Press|location=San Francisco|isbn=978-1-4478-3916-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rL9jAwAAQBAJ|oclc=840927124}} |
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| journal = Ann. Phys. |
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* {{cite journal|ref={{harvid|Correa et al.|2014}}|last1=Correa|first1=L. A.|last2=Palao|first2=J. P.|last3=Alonso|first3=D.|last4=Adesso|first4=G.|date=2014|title=Quantum-enhanced absorption refrigerators|journal=Scientific Reports|volume=4|issue=3949|page=3949|doi= 10.1038/srep03949|pmid= 24492860|pmc= 3912482|arxiv= 1308.4174|bibcode= 2014NatSR...4E3949C}} |
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| volume = 40 |
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* {{cite book|last1=Davies|first1=P. C. W.|author-link1=Paul Davies|title=Superforce: The Search for a Grand Unified Theory of Nature|date=1985|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York|isbn=978-0-671-47685-4|url=https://archive.org/details/superforcesearch00davi|url-access=registration|lccn=84005473|oclc=12397205}} |
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| pages = 551 |
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* {{cite journal|ref={{harvid|Decca et al.|2003}}|last1=Decca|first1=R. S.|last2=López|first2=D.|last3=Fischbach|first3=E.|last4=Krause|first4=D. E.|date=2003|title=Measurement of the Casimir Force between Dissimilar Metals|journal=Physical Review Letters|volume=91|issue=5|page=050402|doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.050402|arxiv=quant-ph/0306136|bibcode=2003PhRvL..91e0402D|pmid=12906584|s2cid=20243276|url=http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2101&context=physics_articles}} |
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| year = 1913 |
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* {{cite journal|last1=Dirac|first1=Paul A. M.|title=The Quantum Theory of the Emission and Absorption of Radiation|journal=Proc. R. Soc. A|date=1927|volume=114|issue=767|pages=243–265|doi=10.1098/rspa.1927.0039|bibcode=1927RSPSA.114..243D|url=http://www.imotiro.org/repositorio/howto/artigoshistoricosordemcronologica/1927%20-%20DIRAC%201927%20First%20steps%20in%20quantum%20field%20theory%20Invention%20of%20the%20second%20quantization%20method.pdf|access-date=17 October 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161025114454/http://www.imotiro.org/repositorio/howto/artigoshistoricosordemcronologica/1927%20-%20DIRAC%201927%20First%20steps%20in%20quantum%20field%20theory%20Invention%20of%20the%20second%20quantization%20method.pdf|archive-date=25 October 2016}} |
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}} |
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* {{cite journal|last1=Drexhage|first1=K. H.|date=1970|title=Monomolecular Layers and Light|journal=Scientific American|volume=222|issue=3|pages=108–119|doi=10.1038/scientificamerican0370-108|bibcode=1970SciAm.222c.108D}} |
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* {{cite journal |
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* {{cite book|last1=Drexhage|first1=K. H.|date=1974|chapter=IV Interaction of Light with Monomolecular Dye Layers|editor-last=Wolf|editor-first=E.|title=Progress in Optics|volume=12|pages=163–232|doi=10.1016/S0079-6638(08)70266-X|isbn=978-0-444-10571-4}} |
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| last = Forward | first = R. |
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* {{cite journal|last1=Dunne|first1=G. V.|title=The Heisenberg-Euler Effective Action: 75 years on|journal=International Journal of Modern Physics A|volume=27|issue=15|year=2012|pages=1260004|issn=0217-751X|doi=10.1142/S0217751X12600044|arxiv=1202.1557|bibcode=2012IJMPA..2760004D|s2cid=119258601}} |
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| title = Extracting electrical energy from the vacuum by cohesion of charged foliated conductors |
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* {{cite book|last1=Einstein|first1=A.|editor1-last=Klein|editor1-first=Martin J.|editor2-last=Kox|editor2-first=A. J.|editor3-last=Renn|editor3-first=Jürgen|editor4-last=Schulmann|editor4-first=Robert|title=The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein Vol. 4 The Swiss Years: Writings, 1912–1914|date=1995|publisher=Princeton University Press|location=Princeton|isbn=978-0-691-03705-9|oclc=929349643|url=http://einsteinpapers.press.princeton.edu/vol4-doc/}} |
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| journal = Phys. Rev. B |
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* {{cite book|last1=Einstein|first1=A.|editor1-last=Klein|editor1-first=Martin J.|editor2-last=Kox|editor2-first=A. J.|editor3-last=Schulmann|editor3-first=Robert|title=The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein Vol. 5 The Swiss Years: Correspondence, 1902–1914|date=1993|publisher=Princeton University Press|location=Princeton|isbn=978-0-691-03322-8|oclc=921496342|url=https://einsteinpapers.press.princeton.edu/vol5-doc/}} |
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| volume = 30 |
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* {{cite journal|ref={{harvid|Goy et al.|1983}}|last1=Goy|first1=P.|last2=Raimond|first2=J. M.|last3=Gross|first3=M.|last4=Haroche|first4=S.|title=Observation of Cavity-Enhanced Single-Atom Spontaneous Emission|date=1983|volume=50|issue=24|pages=1903–1906|doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.50.1903|bibcode=1983PhRvL..50.1903G|journal=Physical Review Letters}} |
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| pages = 1700 |
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* {{cite book|last1=Greiner|first1=W.|last2=Müller|first2=B.|last3=Rafelski|first3=J.|title=Quantum Electrodynamics of Strong Fields: With an Introduction into Modern Relativistic Quantum Mechanics|date=2012|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-0-387-13404-8|doi=10.1007/978-3-642-82272-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wh3-CAAAQBAJ|lccn=84026824|oclc=317097176}} |
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| year = 1984 |
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* {{cite journal|last1=Haisch|first1=B.|last2=Rueda|first2=A.|last3=Puthoff|first3=H. E.|title=Inertia as a Zero-Point-Field Lorentz Force|journal=Physical Review A|date=1994|volume=49|issue=2|pages=678–694|doi=10.1103/PhysRevA.49.678|url=http://www.zpower.com/sp/documents/ZPEPaper_InertiaAsAZeroPointFieldLorenzForce.pdf|pmid=9910287|bibcode=1994PhRvA..49..678H|access-date=17 October 2016|archive-date=31 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731093457/http://www.zpower.com/sp/documents/ZPEPaper_InertiaAsAZeroPointFieldLorenzForce.pdf|url-status=dead}} |
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| url = http://www.calphysics.org/articles/Forward1984.pdf |
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* {{cite journal|last1=Heisenberg|first1=W.|last2=Euler|first2=H.|title=Folgerungen aus der Diracschen Theorie des Positrons|journal=Zeitschrift für Physik|volume=98|issue=11–12|year=1936|pages=714–732|issn=1434-6001|doi=10.1007/BF01343663|bibcode=1936ZPhy...98..714H|arxiv=physics/0605038|s2cid=120354480}} |
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}} |
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* {{cite journal|last1=Heyl|first1=J. S.|last2=Shaviv|first2=N. J.|title=Polarization evolution in strong magnetic fields|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|volume=311|issue=3|year=2000|pages=555–564|issn=0035-8711|doi=10.1046/j.1365-8711.2000.03076.x|bibcode=2000MNRAS.311..555H|arxiv=astro-ph/9909339|s2cid=11717019}} |
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* {{cite journal |
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* {{cite book|last1=Itzykson|first1=C.|last2=Zuber|first2=J.-B.|title=Quantum Field Theory|date=1980|publisher=Dover Publications|location=Mineola, New York|isbn=978-0486445687|edition=2005|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4MwsAwAAQBAJ|lccn=2005053026|oclc=61200849}} |
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| author = Bernard Haisch |author2=Alfonso Rueda |author3=York Dobyns |
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* {{cite journal|last1=Kostelecký|first1=V. Alan|last2=Mewes|first2=M.|title=Electrodynamics with Lorentz-violating operators of arbitrary dimension|journal=Physical Review D|volume=80|issue=1|pages=015020|year=2009|issn=1550-7998|doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.80.015020|bibcode=2009PhRvD..80a5020K|arxiv=0905.0031|s2cid=119241509}} |
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| title = Inertial mass and the quantum vacuum fields |
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* {{cite journal|last1=Kostelecký|first1=V. Alan|last2=Mewes|first2=M.|title=Constraints on Relativity Violations from Gamma-Ray Bursts|journal=Physical Review Letters|volume=110|issue=20|pages=201601|year=2013|issn=0031-9007|doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.201601|pmid=25167393|bibcode=2013PhRvL.110t1601K|arxiv=1301.5367|s2cid=8579347}} |
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| journal = Annalen der Physik |
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* {{cite journal|last1=Kowitt|first1=Mark|title=Gravitomagnetism and magnetic permeability in superconductors|journal=Physical Review B|date=1994|volume=49|issue=1|pages=704–708|doi=10.1103/PhysRevB.49.704|pmid=10009347|bibcode=1994PhRvB..49..704K}} |
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| volume = 10 |
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* {{cite book|last=Kragh|first=H.|title=Quantum Generations: A History of Physics in the Twentieth Century|publisher=Princeton University Press|date=2002|isbn=978-0-691-09552-3|oclc=248763258}} |
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| pages = 393-414 |
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* {{cite journal|last1=Kragh|first1=H.|title=Preludes to Dark Energy: Zero-Point Energy and Vacuum Speculations|journal=Archive for History of Exact Sciences|volume=66|issue=3|year=2012|pages=199–240|issn=0003-9519|doi=10.1007/s00407-011-0092-3|arxiv=1111.4623|s2cid=118593162}} |
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| year = 2001 |
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* {{cite book|last1=Kragh|first1=H. S.|last2=Overduin|first2=J. M.|title=The Weight of the Vacuum : A Scientific History of Dark Energy|date=2014|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=978-3-642-55089-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sroqBAAAQBAJ|lccn=2014938218|oclc=884863929}} |
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| url = http://www.calphysics.org/articles/annalen.pdf |
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* {{cite book|last1=Kuhn|first1=T.|author-link1=Thomas Kuhn|title=Black-Body Theory and the Quantum Discontinuity, 1894-1912|date=1978|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-0-19-502383-1|lccn=77019022|oclc=803538583|title-link=Black-Body Theory and the Quantum Discontinuity, 1894-1912}} |
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}} |
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* {{cite book|last1=Le Bellac|first1=M.|date=2006|title=Quantum Physics|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-60276-2|edition=2012|oclc= 957316740}} |
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* {{cite journal|last1=Leuchs|first1=G.|last2=Sánchez-Soto|first2=L. L.|title=A Sum Rule For Charged Elementary Particles|journal=The European Physical Journal D|volume=67|issue=3|pages=57|year=2013|issn=1434-6060|doi=10.1140/epjd/e2013-30577-8|bibcode=2013EPJD...67...57L|arxiv=1301.3923|s2cid=118643015}} |
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| last = Loudon | first = R. |
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* {{cite book|last1=Loudon|first1=R.|author-link1=Rodney Loudon|title=The Quantum Theory of Light|date=2000|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0198501770|edition=3rd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AEkfajgqldoC|lccn=2001265846|oclc=44602993}} |
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| title = The Quantum Theory of Light |
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* {{cite journal|last1=Matthews|first1=R.|title=Inertia: Does Empty Space Put Up the Resistance?|journal=Science|volume=263|issue=5147|year=1994|pages=612–613|issn=0036-8075|doi=10.1126/science.263.5147.612|pmid=17747645|bibcode=1994Sci...263..612M|jstor=2883066|url=http://www.calphysics.org/haisch/science.html|via=Calphysics Institute}} |
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| location = Oxford |
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* {{cite journal|last1=Mignani|first1=R. P.|last2=Testa|first2=V.|last3=González Caniulef|first3=D.|last4=Taverna|first4=R.|last5=Turolla|first5=R.|last6=Zane|first6=S.|last7=Wu|first7=K.|title=Evidence for vacuum birefringence from the first optical-polarimetry measurement of the isolated neutron star RX J1856.5−3754|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|volume=465|issue=1|year=2017|pages=492–500|issn=0035-8711|doi=10.1093/mnras/stw2798|url=https://www.eso.org/public/archives/releases/sciencepapers/eso1641/eso1641a.pdf|bibcode=2017MNRAS.465..492M|arxiv=1610.08323|s2cid=38736536|ref={{harvid| Mignani et al.|2017}}}} |
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| publisher = Clarendon Press |
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* {{cite journal|last1=Milonni|first1=P. W.|author-link1=Peter W. Milonni|title=Radiation reaction and the nonrelativistic theory of the electron|journal=Physics Letters A|date=1981|volume=82|issue=5|pages=225–226|doi=10.1016/0375-9601(81)90191-2|bibcode=1981PhLA...82..225M}} |
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| date = Σεπτέμβριος 2000 |
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* {{cite journal|last1=Milonni|first1=P. W.|author-link1=Peter W. Milonni|title=Does the Electromagnetic Mass of an Electron Depend on Where It Is?|journal=International Journal of Theoretical Physics|date=1983|volume=22|issue=4|pages=323–328|doi=10.1007/BF02082897|bibcode=1983IJTP...22..323M|s2cid=119991060}} |
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| edition = 3η |
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* {{cite book|last1=Milonni|first1=P. W.|author-link1=Peter W. Milonni|title=The Quantum Vacuum: An Introduction to Quantum Electrodynamics|date=1994|publisher=Academic Press|location=Boston|isbn=978-0124980808|lccn=93029780|oclc=422797902|title-link=The Quantum Vacuum: An Introduction to Quantum Electrodynamics}} |
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| ISBN = 0-19-850176-5 |
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* {{cite book|last1=Milonni|first1=P. W.|author-link1=Peter W. Milonni|editor1-last=Greenberger|editor1-first=D.|editor2-last=Hentschel|editor2-first=K.|editor3-last=Weinert|editor3-first=F.|title=Compendium of Quantum Physics: Concepts, Experiments, History and Philosophy|location=Berlin, Heidelberg|publisher=Springer|year=2009|isbn=9783540706229|pages=864–866|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ekyAV8VtfuYC&pg=PP864|chapter=Zero-Point Energy|lccn=2008942038|oclc=297803628|doi=10.1007/978-3-540-70626-7|arxiv=0811.2516}} |
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}} |
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* {{cite journal|last1=Peebles|first1=P. J. E.|author-link1=Jim Peebles|last2=Ratra|first2=Bharat|author-link2=Bharat Ratra|title=The Cosmological Constant and Dark Energy|journal=Reviews of Modern Physics|volume=75|issue=2|year=2003|pages=559–606|issn=0034-6861|doi=10.1103/RevModPhys.75.559|bibcode=2003RvMP...75..559P|arxiv=astro-ph/0207347|s2cid=118961123}} |
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* {{cite book |
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* {{cite book|last1=Penrose|first1=Roger|title=The Road to Reality|url=https://archive.org/details/roadtorealitycom00penr_0|url-access=registration|date=2004|publisher=Alfred A. Knopf|location=New York|edition=8th|isbn=978-0-679-45443-4|oclc=474890537}} |
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| last = Milonni | first = Peter W. |
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* {{cite journal|ref={{harvid|Perlmutter et al.|1998}}|display-authors=9|last1=Perlmutter|first1=S.|author-link=Saul Perlmutter|last2=Aldering|last3=Goldhaber|last4=Knop|last5=Nugent|last6=Castro|last7=Deustua|last8=Fabbro|last9=Goobar|last10=Groom|last11=Hook|last12=Kim|last13=Kim|last14=Lee|last15=Nunes|last16=Pain|last17=Pennypacker|last18=Quimby|last19=Lidman|last20=Ellis|last21=Irwin|last22=McMahon|last23=Ruiz Lapuente|last24=Walton|last25=Schaefer|last26=Boyle|last27=Filippenko|last28=Matheson|last29=Fruchter|last30=Panagia<!--|last31=Newberg|last32=Couch-->|year=1999|journal=Astrophysical Journal|volume=517|issue=2|pages=565–86|title=Measurements of Ω and Λ from 42 High-Redshift Supernovae|arxiv=astro-ph/9812133 |doi=10.1086/307221|bibcode=1999ApJ...517..565P|s2cid=118910636}} |
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| title = The Quantum Vacuum: an Introduction to Quantum Electrodynamics |
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* {{cite book|last1=Peskin|first1=M. E.|last2=Schroeder|first2=D. V.|date=1995|title=An Introduction To Quantum Field Theory|url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontoqu0000pesk|url-access=registration|publisher=Addison-Wesley|isbn=978-0-201-50397-5|oclc=635667163}} |
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| location = New York |
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* {{cite journal|last1=Pinto|first1=F.|title=Engine cycle of an optically controlled vacuum energy transducer|journal=Physical Review B|date=1999|volume=60|issue=21|page=14740|doi=10.1103/PhysRevB.60.14740|bibcode= 1999PhRvB..6014740P}} |
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| publisher =Academic |
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* {{cite journal|last1=Planck|first=M.|author-link1=Max Planck|year=1900|title=Zur Theorie des Gesetzes der Energieverteilung im Normalspektrum|journal=Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft|volume=2|pages=237–245}} |
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| year = 1994 |
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* {{cite journal|last1=Planck|first1=M.|author-link1=Max Planck|title=Eine neue Strahlungshypothese|journal=Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft|date=1911|volume=13|pages=138–148}} |
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| ISBN = 0-12-498080-5 |
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* {{cite journal|last1=Planck|first1=M.|author-link1=Max Planck|title=Über die Begründung das Gesetzes des schwarzen Strahlung|journal=Annalen der Physik|date=1912a|volume=37|issue=4|pages=642–656|doi=10.1002/andp.19123420403|bibcode=1912AnP...342..642P|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1424227}} |
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}} |
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* {{cite book|last1=Planck|first1=M.|author-link1=Max Planck|editor1-last=Langevin|editor1-first=P.|editor2-last=Solvay|editor2-first=E.|editor3-last=de Broglie|editor3-first=M.|editor1-link=Paul Langevin|editor2-link=Ernest Solvay|editor3-link=Maurice de Broglie|title=La Théorie du Rayonnement et les Quanta|url=https://archive.org/details/lathoriedurayo00inst|date=1912b|publisher=Gauthier-Villars|location=Paris|pages=[https://archive.org/details/lathoriedurayo00inst/page/93 93]–114|chapter=La loi du rayonnement noir et l'hypothèse des quantités élémentaires d'action|lccn=unk84021539|oclc=5894537227}} |
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*{{cite journal |
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* {{cite book|last1=Planck|first1=M.|author-link1=Max Planck|title=Vorlesungen über die Theorie der Wärmestrahlung|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_k21KAAAAMAAJ|date=1913|publisher=J. A. Barth|location=Leipzig|oclc=924400975}} |
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* {{cite book|last1=Planck|first1=M.|author-link1=Max Planck|title=Physikalische Abhandlungen und Vorträge. Vol. 2|date=1958|publisher=Vieweg & Sohn|location=Braunschweig|lccn=59047616|oclc=603096370}} |
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| title = — |
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* {{cite book|last1=Power|first1=E. A.|author-link1=Edwin Power|title=Introductory Quantum Electrodynamics|date=1964|publisher=Longmans|location=London|lccn=65020006|oclc=490279969}} |
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| journal = Verh. Deutsch Phys. Ges. |
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* {{cite book|last1=Reed|first1=D.|editor1-last=Barrett|editor1-first=Terence William|editor2-last=Grimes|editor2-first=Dale M.|chapter=Foundational Electrodynamics and Beltrami Vector Fields|pages=217–249|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OdnsCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA217|title=Advanced Electromagnetism: Foundations, Theory and Applications|date=1995|publisher=World Scientific|location=Singapore|isbn=978-981-02-2095-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OdnsCgAAQBAJ}} |
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| volume = 18 |
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* {{cite book|editor1-last=Rees|editor1-first=Martin|editor1-link=Martin Rees|title=Universe|date=2012|publisher=DK Pub|location=New York|isbn=978-0-7566-9841-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IvDZqZz0Q-QC|lccn=2011277855|oclc=851193468}} |
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| page = 83 |
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* {{cite journal|last1=Riek|first1=C.|last2=Seletskiy|first2=D. V.|last3=Moskalenko|first3=A. S.|last4=Schmidt|first4=J. F.|last5=Krauspe|first5=P.|last6=Eckart|first6=S.|last7=Eggert|first7=S.|last8=Burkard|first8=G.|last9=Leitenstorfer|first9=A.|title=Direct Sampling of Electric-Field Vacuum Fluctuations|journal=Science|volume=350|issue=6259|year=2015|pages=420–423|issn=0036-8075|doi=10.1126/science.aac9788|pmid=26429882|bibcode=2015Sci...350..420R|s2cid=40368170|url=http://kops.uni-konstanz.de/bitstream/handle/123456789/31877/Leitensdorfer_0-301750.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|ref={{harvid|Riek et al.|2015}}}} |
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| year = 1916 |
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* {{cite journal|ref={{harvid|Riess et al.|1998}}|display-authors=9|last1=Riess|first1=A. G.|author-link=Adam Riess|last2=Filippenko|last3=Challis|last4=Clocchiatti|last5=Diercks|last6=Garnavich|last7=Gilliland|last8=Hogan|last9=Jha|last10=Kirshner|last11=Leibundgut|last12=Phillips|last13=Reiss|last14=Schmidt|last15=Schommer|last16=Smith|last17=Spyromilio|last18=Stubbs|last19=Suntzeff|last20=Tonry|year=1998|title=Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant|journal=Astronomical Journal|volume=116|issue=3|pages=1009–38|arxiv=astro-ph/9805201|doi=10.1086/300499|bibcode=1998AJ....116.1009R|s2cid=15640044}} |
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* {{cite journal|last1=Rugh|first1=S. E.|last2=Zinkernagel|first2=H.|title=The Quantum Vacuum and the Cosmological Constant Problem|journal=Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics|volume=33|issue=4|year=2002|pages=663–705|issn=1355-2198|doi=10.1016/S1355-2198(02)00033-3|bibcode= 2002SHPMP..33..663R|arxiv=hep-th/0012253|s2cid=9007190}} |
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| author = Alfonso Rueda |author2=Bernard Haisch |
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* {{cite book|editor1-last=Saunders|editor1-first=Simon|editor1-link=Simon Saunders|editor2-last=Brown|editor2-first=Harvey R.|editor2-link=Harvey Brown (philosopher)|title=The Philosophy of Vacuum|date=1991|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0198244493|lccn=90048906|oclc=774073198}} |
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| title = Gravity and the Quantum Vacuum Inertia Hypothesis |
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* {{cite book|last1=Schwinger|first1=J.|author-link1=Julian Schwinger|title=Particles, Sources, and Fields: Volume I|date=1998a|publisher=Advanced Book Program, Perseus Books|location=Reading, Massachusetts|isbn=978-0-7382-0053-8|lccn=98087896|oclc=40544377}} |
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| journal = Annalen der Physik |
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* {{cite book|last1=Schwinger|first1=J.|author-link1=Julian Schwinger|title=Particles, Sources, and Fields: Volume II|date=1998b|publisher=Advanced Book Program, Perseus Books|location=Reading, Massachusetts|isbn=978-0-7382-0054-5|lccn=98087896|oclc=40544377}} |
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| volume = 14 |
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* {{cite book|last1=Sciama|first1=D. W.|author-link1=Dennis W. Sciama|editor1-last=Saunders|editor1-first=Simon|editor1-link=Simon Saunders|editor2-last=Brown|editor2-first=Harvey R.|editor2-link=Harvey Brown (philosopher)|title=The Philosophy of Vacuum|date=1991|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0198244493|chapter=The Physical Significance of the Vacuum State of a Quantum Field|lccn=90048906|oclc=774073198}} |
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| year = 2005 |
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* {{cite book|last1=Scott|first1=Alwyn|date=2006|title=Encyclopedia of Nonlinear Science|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-57958-385-9|oclc=937249213|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KC7gZmIEAiwC}} |
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| url = http://www.calphysics.org/articles/gravity_arxiv.pdf |
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* {{cite book|last1=Scully|first1=M. O.|last2=Zubairy|first2=M. S.|year=1997|title=Quantum optics|location=Cambridge UK|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-43595-6|oclc=444869786}} |
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* {{cite journal|last1=Scully|first1=M. O.|title=Extracting Work from a Single Thermal Bath via Quantum Negentropy|journal=Physical Review Letters|date=2001|volume=87|issue=22|at=220601|doi= 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.220601|bibcode= 2001PhRvL..87v0601S|pmid= 11736390}} |
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* {{cite journal|ref={{harvid|Urban et al.|2013}}|last1=Urban|first1=M.|last2=Couchot|first2=F.|last3=Sarazin|first3=X.|last4=Djannati-Atai|first4=A.|title=The Quantum Vacuum as the Origin of the Speed of Light|journal=The European Physical Journal D|volume=67|issue=3|pages=58|year=2013|issn=1434-6060|doi=10.1140/epjd/e2013-30578-7|bibcode=2013EPJD...67...58U|arxiv=1302.6165|s2cid=15753833}} |
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| title = The Philosophy of Vacuum |
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* {{cite journal|last1=Weinberg|first1=S.|author-link1=Steven Weinberg|title=The Cosmological Constant Problem|journal=Reviews of Modern Physics|volume=61|issue=1|year=1989|pages=1–23|issn=0034-6861|doi=10.1103/RevModPhys.61.1|bibcode=1989RvMP...61....1W|url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/2152/61094/1/Weinberg_1989.pdf|hdl=2152/61094|s2cid=122259372}} |
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| editor = Simon Saunders |editor2=Henry R. Brown |
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* {{cite book|last1=Weinberg|first1=S.|author-link1=Steven Weinberg|title=Lectures on Quantum Mechanics|date=2015|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-1-107-11166-0|edition=2nd|lccn=2015021123|oclc=910664598}} |
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| location = Oxford |
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* {{cite journal|last1=Weisskopf|first1=V.|title=Über die Elektrodynamik des Vakuums auf Grund des Quantentheorie des Elektrons|journal=Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Mathematisk-fysiske Meddelelse|date=1936|volume=24|issue=6|pages=3–39|trans-title=[http://neo-classical-physics.info/uploads/3/0/6/5/3065888/weisskopf_-_electrodynamics.pdf On the Elecrodynamics of the Vacuum on the Basis of the Quantum Theory of the Electron]}} |
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| publisher = Clarendon Press |
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* {{cite journal|ref={{harvid|White, March, Lawrence et al.|2016}}|last1=White|first1=H.|last2=March|first2=P.|last3=Lawrence|first3=J.|last4=Vera|first4=J.|last5=Sylvester|first5=A.|last6=Brady|first6=D.|last7=Bailey|first7=P.|date=2016|title=Measurement of Impulsive Thrust from a Closed Radio-Frequency Cavity in Vacuum|journal=Journal of Propulsion and Power|volume=33|issue=4|pages=830–841|doi= 10.2514/1.B36120|hdl= 2060/20170000277|s2cid=126303009 }} |
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| year = 1991 |
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* {{cite conference|ref={{harvid|White, March, Williams et al.|2011}}|last1=White|first1=H.|last2=March|first2=P.|last3=Williams|first3=N.|last4=O'Neill|first4=W.|date=2011-12-05|title=Eagleworks Laboratories: Advanced Propulsion Physics Research|conference=JANNAF Joint Propulsion Meeting; 5–9 December 2011; Huntsville, AL|url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20110023492.pdf|access-date=24 October 2016}} |
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| ISBN = 0-19-824449-5 |
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* {{cite journal|ref={{harvid|Wilson et al.|2011}}|last1=Wilson|first1=C. M.|last2=Johansson|first2=G.|last3=Pourkabirian|first3=A.|last4=Simoen|first4=M.|last5=Johansson|first5=J. R.|last6=Duty|first6=T.|last7=Nori|first7=F.|last8=Delsing|first8=P.|title=Observation of the Dynamical Casimir Effect in a Superconducting Circuit|journal=Nature|volume=479|issue=7373|year=2011|pages=376–379|issn=0028-0836|doi=10.1038/nature10561|pmid=22094697|arxiv=1105.4714|bibcode=2011Natur.479..376W|s2cid=219735}} |
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}} |
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* {{cite journal|last1=Woods|first1=R. C.|date=2005|title=Manipulation of gravitational waves for communications applications using superconductors|journal=Physica C: Superconductivity|volume=433|issue=1–2|pages=101–107|doi= 10.1016/j.physc.2005.10.003|bibcode= 2005PhyC..433..101W}} |
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* {{cite journal|ref={{harvid|Woods et al.|2001}}|last1=Woods|first1=R. C.|last2=Cooke|first2=S. G.|last3=Helme|first3=J.|last4=Caldwell|first4=C. H.|date=2001|title=Gravity modification by high-temperature superconductors|journal=AIAA 37th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit|doi=10.2514/6.2001-3363}} |
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== Περαιτέρω ανάγνωση == |
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=== Άρθρα στον Τύπο === |
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* {{cite magazine|last1=Brumfiel|first1=G.|date=3 June 2011|title=Moving Mirrors Make Light From Nothing|magazine=Nature|doi=10.1038/news.2011.346|url=http://www.nature.com/news/2011/110603/full/news.2011.346.html}} |
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* {{cite magazine|last1=Brooks|first1=M.|date=16 November 2011|title=Light Pulled Out of Empty Space|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg21228392-700-light-pulled-out-of-empty-space/|magazine=New Scientist|archive-url=https://archive.today/20170530092257/https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg21228392-700-light-pulled-out-of-empty-space/|archive-date=30 May 2017|url-status=live}} |
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* {{cite magazine|last1=Cartlidge|first1=E.|date=17 November 2011|title=How to Turn Darkness into Light|url=http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/2011/nov/17/how-to-turn-darkness-into-light|magazine=Physics World|publisher=Institute of Physics|archive-url=https://archive.today/20170530091635/http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/2011/nov/17/how-to-turn-darkness-into-light|archive-date=30 May 2017|url-status=live}} |
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* {{cite magazine|last1=Marcus|first1=A.|date=12 October 2009|title=Research in a Vacuum: DARPA Tries to Tap Elusive Casimir Effect for Breakthrough Technology|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/darpa-casimir-effect-research/|magazine=Scientific American|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150302015744/http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/darpa-casimir-effect-research/|archive-date=2 March 2015|url-status=live}} |
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* {{cite news|last1=Matthews|first1=R.|last2=Sample|first2=I.|date=1 September 1996|title='Anti-Gravity' Device Gives Science a Lift|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/htmlContent.jhtml?html=%2Farchive%2F1996%2F09%2F01%2Fngrav01.html|work=The Sunday Telegraph|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030306005212/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/htmlContent.jhtml?html=%2Farchive%2F1996%2F09%2F01%2Fngrav01.html|archive-date=2003-03-06|url-status=dead}} |
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* {{cite magazine|last1=Sciama|first1=D. W.|author-link1=Dennis Sciama|title=The Ether Transmogrified|magazine=New Scientist|date=2 Feb 1978|volume=77|issue=1088|pages=298–300|via=Google Books|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5RHTCiRgnB0C&pg=PA298}} |
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* {{cite web|last1=Yirka|first1=B.|date=2 October 2015|title=Research Team Claims to Have Directly Sampled Electric-Field Vacuum Fluctuations|url=https://phys.org/news/2015-10-team-sampled-electric-field-vacuum-fluctuations.html|website=Phys.org|archive-url=https://archive.today/20170527220138/https://phys.org/news/2015-10-team-sampled-electric-field-vacuum-fluctuations.html|archive-date=27 May 2017|url-status=live}} |
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=== Άρθρα σε επιστημονικά έντυπα === |
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* {{cite journal|last1=Boyer|first1=T. H.|title=Quantum Zero-Point Energy and Long-Range Forces|journal=Annals of Physics|volume=56|issue=2|year=1970|pages=474–503|issn=0003-4916|doi=10.1016/0003-4916(70)90027-8|bibcode=1970AnPhy..56..474B}} |
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* {{cite journal|last1=Bulsara|first1=A. R.|last2=Gammaitoni|first2=L.|title=Tuning in to Noise|journal=Physics Today|volume=49|issue=3|year=1996|pages=39–45|issn=0031-9228|doi=10.1063/1.881491|bibcode=1996PhT....49c..39B|url=http://www.nipslab.org/files/vol49no3p39-45.pdf|access-date=31 May 2017|archive-date=12 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712182115/http://www.nipslab.org/files/vol49no3p39-45.pdf|url-status=dead}} |
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* {{cite journal|last1=Lahteenmaki|first1=P.|last2=Paraoanu|first2=G. S.|last3=Hassel|first3=J.|last4=Hakonen|first4=P. J.|title=Dynamical Casimir Effect in a Josephson Metamaterial|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|volume=110|issue=11|year=2013|pages=4234–4238|issn=0027-8424|doi=10.1073/pnas.1212705110|bibcode=2013PNAS..110.4234L|arxiv=1111.5608|s2cid=10972781|doi-access=free}} |
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=== Βιβλία === |
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* {{cite book|last1=Beiser|first1=A.|title=Concepts of Modern Physics|date=2003|publisher=McGraw-Hill|location=Boston|isbn=978-0072448481|edition=6th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=34l9CgAAQBAJ|lccn=2001044743|oclc=48965418}} |
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* {{cite book|last1=Heitler|first1=W.|author-link1=Walter Heitler|title=The Quantum Theory of Radiation|date=1984|publisher=Dover Publications|location=New York|isbn=978-0486645582|edition=1954 reprint 3rd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L7w7UpecbKYC|lccn=83005201|oclc=924845769}} |
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* {{cite book|last1=Rafelski|first1=J.|author-link1=Johann Rafelski|last2=Muller|first2=B.|title=Structured Vacuum: Thinking About Nothing|date=1985|publisher=Thun|location=H. Deutsch|isbn=978-3871448898|url=http://www.physics.arizona.edu/~rafelski/Books/StructVacuumE.pdf|lccn=86175968|oclc=946050522}} |
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== Εξωτερικοί σύνδεσμοι == |
== Εξωτερικοί σύνδεσμοι == |
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* [http://van.physics.uiuc.edu/qa/listing.php?id=1256 Zero-point energy?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204081217/http://van.physics.uiuc.edu/qa/listing.php?id=1256 |date=2008-12-04 }} "Ask the Van" popular science FAQ at |
* [http://van.physics.uiuc.edu/qa/listing.php?id=1256 Zero-point energy?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204081217/http://van.physics.uiuc.edu/qa/listing.php?id=1256 |date=2008-12-04 }} "Ask the Van" popular science FAQ at University of Illinois. |
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* Philip Yam, "[http://www.padrak.com/ine/ZPESCIAM.html Exploiting Zero-point Energy]", ''Scientific American Magazine'', December 1997, pp. 82-85. |
* Philip Yam, "[http://www.padrak.com/ine/ZPESCIAM.html Exploiting Zero-point Energy]", ''Scientific American Magazine'', December 1997, pp. 82-85. |
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* Alokik Kanwal, [https://web.archive.org/web/20080309163203/http://www.eden.rutgers.edu/~alokik/Zero/3D%20Zero-Point%20Energy.PPT Zero-point energy] ([[Microsoft PowerPoint|Power Point]] presentation; rutgers.edu) |
* Alokik Kanwal, [https://web.archive.org/web/20080309163203/http://www.eden.rutgers.edu/~alokik/Zero/3D%20Zero-Point%20Energy.PPT Zero-point energy] ([[Microsoft PowerPoint|Power Point]] presentation; rutgers.edu) |
Έκδοση από την 17:26, 8 Ιουλίου 2023
Το λήμμα παραθέτει τις πηγές του αόριστα, χωρίς παραπομπές. |
Η ενέργεια του κενού ή ενέργεια του μηδενικού σημείου (Zero-Point Energy) είναι η ελάχιστη ενέργεια την οποία είναι δυνατό να κατέχει ένα σύστημα σε κβαντικό επίπεδο, και συμβαίνει στο απόλυτο μηδέν. Στην κοσμολογία, η ενέργεια του κενού θεωρείται ότι είναι η πηγή της κοσμολογικής σταθεράς.
Πειραματική απόδειξη της ύπαρξης της ενέργειας του κενού, αποτελεί το περίφημο φαινόμενο Casimir.
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Περαιτέρω ανάγνωση
Άρθρα στον Τύπο
- Brumfiel, G. (3 June 2011). «Moving Mirrors Make Light From Nothing». Nature. doi:. http://www.nature.com/news/2011/110603/full/news.2011.346.html.
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Άρθρα σε επιστημονικά έντυπα
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- Lahteenmaki, P.; Paraoanu, G. S.; Hassel, J.; Hakonen, P. J. (2013). «Dynamical Casimir Effect in a Josephson Metamaterial». Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110 (11): 4234–4238. doi: . ISSN 0027-8424. Bibcode: 2013PNAS..110.4234L.
Βιβλία
- Beiser, A. (2003). Concepts of Modern Physics (6th έκδοση). Boston: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0072448481. LCCN 2001044743. OCLC 48965418.
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Εξωτερικοί σύνδεσμοι
- Zero-point energy? Αρχειοθετήθηκε 2008-12-04 στο Wayback Machine. "Ask the Van" popular science FAQ at University of Illinois.
- Philip Yam, "Exploiting Zero-point Energy", Scientific American Magazine, December 1997, pp. 82-85.
- Alokik Kanwal, Zero-point energy (Power Point presentation; rutgers.edu)
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