Κυβερνήτης του Άρκανσο: Διαφορά μεταξύ των αναθεωρήσεων

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Ιων (συζήτηση | συνεισφορές)
Χωρίς σύνοψη επεξεργασίας
Ιων (συζήτηση | συνεισφορές)
Χωρίς σύνοψη επεξεργασίας
Γραμμή 1: Γραμμή 1:
{{Κουτί πληροφοριών Πολιτικής θέσης
{{Κουτί πληροφοριών Πολιτικής θέσης
|θέση = Governor
|θέση = Κυβερνήτης
|σώμα = Arkansas
|σώμα = Arkansas
|διακριτικά = Seal of Arkansas.svg
|διακριτικά = Seal of Arkansas.svg
|διακριτικάμέγεθος = 110px
|διακριτικάμέγεθος = 110px
|διακριτικάλεζάντα = [[Seal of Arkansas]]
|διακριτικάλεζάντα = [[Σφραγίδα του Αρκάνσας]]
|εικόνα = MikeBeebeGovernorCropped.jpg
|εικόνα = MikeBeebeGovernorCropped.jpg
|incumbent = [[Mike Beebe]]
|κάτοχος = [[Μάικ Μπιμπ]]
|κάτοχοςαπό = 9 Ιανουαρίου 2007
|incumbentsince = January 09, 2007
|style = The Honorable
|προσφώνηση = The Honorable
|κατοικία = [[Κατοικία του Κυβερνήτη του Αρκάνσας]]
|residence = [[Arkansas Governor's Mansion]]
|appointer =
|appointer =
|διάρκειαθητείας = Τέσσερα έτη, άπαξ ανανεώσιμη
|termlength = Four years, renewable once
|formation = 1836; [[Constitution of Arkansas]]
|δημιουργία = 1836; [[Constitution of Arkansas]]
|διαδοχή = Κάθε τέσσερα έτη, εκτός αν επανεκλεγεί.
|succession = Every four years, unless re-elected.
|πρώτοςκάτοχος = [[Τζέιμς Σέβιερ Κόνγουεϊ]]
|inaugural = [[James Sevier Conway]]
|website =
|website =
}}
}}


Ο '''Κυβερνήτης του Αρκάνσας''' είναι ο αρχηγός του εκτελεστικού κλάδου της κυβέρνησης του [[Αρκάνσας]] και ο αρχιστράτηγος ων [[Εθνική Φρουρά του Αρκάνσας|στρατιωτικών δυνάμεων]] της [[πολιτεία ΗΠΑ|πολιτείας]]. Ο [[Κυβερνήτης (ΗΠΑ)|κυβερνήτης]] έχει καθήκον να επιβάλλει τους νόμους της πολιτείας και την εξουσία να εγκρίνει ή να αρνηθεί να κυρώσει νομοσχέδια που ψηφίζονται από το Νομοθετικό Σώμα του Αρκάνσας, να συγκαλεί το νομοθετικό σώμα και να απονέμει χάρες, εκτός από περιπτώσεις προδοσίας και μομφής πολιτικών προσώπων.<ref>AR Const. art. VI</ref>
The '''Governor of Arkansas''' is the head of the executive branch of [[Arkansas]]'s government and the commander-in-chief of the [[U.S. state|state's]] [[Arkansas National Guard|military forces]]. The [[Governor (United States)|governor]] has a duty to enforce state laws, and the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Arkansas Legislature, to convene the legislature, and to grant pardons, except in cases of treason and impeachment.<ref>AR Const. art. VI</ref>


Η πολιτεία έχει εκλέξει 45 κυβερνήτες, καθώς και έχουν υπάρξει 10 ενεργούντες κυβερνήτες οι οποίοι ανέλαβαν το αξίωμα μετά την παραίτηση ή τον θάνατο του κυβερνήτη, δημιουργώντας συνολικά 55 διακριτές θητείες. Προτού γίνει πολιτεία, το [[Έδαφος του Αρκάνσας]] είχε τέσσερις κυβερνήτες διορισμένους από τον [[Πρόεδρος των Ηνωμένων Πολιτειών|Πρόεδρο των Ηνωμένων Πολιτειών]]. Ο [[Όρβαλ Φόμπους]] χρημάτισε στο αξίωμα την μακρύτερη θητεία ως πολιτειακός κυβερνήτης, έχοντας εκλεγεί έξι φορές και υπηρετώντας δώδεκα έτη. Ο [[Μπιλ Κλίντον]], εκλεγμένος πέντε φορές σε δύο διακριτές θητείες, δεν συμπλήρωσε δωδεκαετία στο αξίωμα παρά ένα μήνα. Η βραχύτερη θητεία για έναν εκλεγμένο κυβερνήτη ήταν οι 38 ημέρες που χρημάτισε ο [[Τζον Σεμπάστιαν Λιτλ]] πριν τον [[νευρικός κλονισμός|νευρικό κλονισμό]] του· one of the acting successors to his term, [[Jesse M. Martin]], served only three days, the shortest stint overall. The current governor is [[Mike Beebe]], who took office on January 9, 2007; η δεύτερη θητεία του θα λήξει στις 13 Ιανουαρίου 2015.
The state has had 45 elected governors, as well as 10 acting governors who took office following the resignation or death of the governor, totaling 55 distinct terms. Before becoming a state, [[Arkansas Territory]] had four governors appointed to it by the [[President of the United States]]. [[Orval Faubus]] served the longest term as state governor, being elected six times to serve twelve years. [[Bill Clinton]], elected five times over two distinct terms, fell only one month short of twelve years. The shortest term for an elected governor was the 38 days served by [[John Sebastian Little]] before his [[nervous breakdown]]; one of the acting successors to his term, [[Jesse M. Martin]], served only three days, the shortest stint overall. The current governor is [[Mike Beebe]], who took office on January 9, 2007; his second term will expire on January 13, 2015.


==Κυβερνήτες==
==Governors==
===Governors of the Territory of Arkansas===
===Governors of the Territory of Arkansas===


Γραμμή 32: Γραμμή 32:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!Picture
!Picture
!Κυβερνήτης
!Governor
!Ανέλαβε
!Took office
!Παρέδωσε
!Left office
!Appointed by
!Appointed by
!Notes
!Notes
|-
|-
|[[Image:AR Miller James.jpg|75px]]
|[[Image:AR Miller James.jpg|75px]]
|[[Τζέιμς Μίλλερ (στρατηγός)|Τζέιμς Μίλλερ]]
|[[James Miller (general)|James Miller]]
|March 3, 1819
|March 3, 1819
|December 27, 1824
|December 27, 1824
Γραμμή 69: Γραμμή 69:
|}
|}


===Κυβερνήτες της Πολιτείας του Αρκάνσας===
===Governors of the State of Arkansas===


{{stack|
{{stack|
Γραμμή 104: Γραμμή 104:
|1
|1
|bgcolor={{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}}|&nbsp;
|bgcolor={{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}}|&nbsp;
|[[Τζέιμς Σέβιερ Κόνγουεϊ]]
|[[James Sevier Conway]]
|13 Σεπτεμβρίου 1836
|September 13, 1836
|4 Νοεμβρίου 1840
|November 4, 1840
|[[Δημοκρατικό Κόμμα (ΗΠΑ)|Δημοκρατικό]]
|[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
|colspan="2" rowspan="9"|None
|colspan="2" rowspan="9"|Κανείς
|1
|1
|-
|-
Γραμμή 182: Γραμμή 182:
|rowspan="2"|[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
|bgcolor={{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}}|&nbsp;
|bgcolor={{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}}|&nbsp;
|[[Calvin C. Bliss]]<ref>Herndon p. 287</ref>
|[[Κάλβιν Σ. Μπλις]]<ref>Herndon p. 287</ref>
|rowspan="2"|1<ref group="lower-alpha" name="civilwar" />
|rowspan="2"|1<ref group="lower-alpha" name="civilwar" />
|-
|-
|bgcolor={{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}}|
|bgcolor={{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}}|
|[[James M. Johnson (Arkansas)|James M. Johnson]]<ref>Herndon p. 293</ref>
|[[Τζέιμς Μ. Τζόνσον (Αρκάνσας)|Τζέιμς Μ. Τζόνσον]]<ref>Herndon p. 293</ref>
|-
|-
|9
|9
|bgcolor={{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}}|
|bgcolor={{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}}|
|[[Πάουελ Κλέιτον]]
|[[Powell Clayton]]
|July 2, 1868
|2 Ιουλίου 1868
|March 17, 1871
|17 Μαρτίου 1871
|Ρεπουμπλικανικό
|Republican
|bgcolor={{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}}|
|bgcolor={{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}}|
|[[James M. Johnson (Arkansas)|James M. Johnson]]<ref group="lower-alpha">Resigned to take office as state secretary of state.</ref>
|[[Τζέιμς Μ. Τζόνσον (Αρκάνσας)|Τζέιμς Μ. Τζόνσον]]<ref group="lower-alpha">Resigned to take office as state secretary of state.</ref>
|{{frac|1|2}}<ref group="lower-alpha" name="res-senate">Resigned to take an elected seat in the [[United States Senate]].</ref>
|{{frac|1|2}}<ref group="lower-alpha" name="res-senate">Resigned to take an elected seat in the [[United States Senate]].</ref>
|-
|-
Γραμμή 209: Γραμμή 209:
|10
|10
|bgcolor={{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}}|
|bgcolor={{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}}|
|[[Ελίσα Μπάξτερ]]
|[[Elisha Baxter]]
|January 6, 1873
|3 Ιανουαρίου 1873
|November 12, 1874
|12 Νοεμβρίου 1874
|Ρεπουμπλικανικό
|Republican
|bgcolor={{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}}|
|bgcolor={{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}}|
|[[Volney V. Smith]]<ref>Herndon p. 306</ref>
|[[Volney V. Smith]]<ref>Herndon p. 306</ref>
Γραμμή 222: Γραμμή 222:
|November 12, 1874
|November 12, 1874
|January 11, 1877
|January 11, 1877
|Δημοκρατικό
|Democratic
|colspan="2" rowspan="18"|None
|colspan="2" rowspan="18"|None
|2
|2
Γραμμή 231: Γραμμή 231:
|January 11, 1877
|January 11, 1877
|January 11, 1881
|January 11, 1881
|Δημοκρατικό
|Democratic
|2
|2
|-
|-
Γραμμή 255: Γραμμή 255:
|January 17, 1885
|January 17, 1885
|January 8, 1889
|January 8, 1889
|Δημοκρατικό
|Democratic
|2
|2
|-
|-
Γραμμή 263: Γραμμή 263:
|January 8, 1889
|January 8, 1889
|January 10, 1893
|January 10, 1893
|Δημοκρατικό
|Democratic
|2
|2
|-
|-
Γραμμή 271: Γραμμή 271:
|January 10, 1893
|January 10, 1893
|January 8, 1895
|January 8, 1895
|Δημοκρατικό
|Democratic
|1
|1
|-
|-
Γραμμή 279: Γραμμή 279:
|January 8, 1895
|January 8, 1895
|January 12, 1897
|January 12, 1897
|Δημοκρατικό
|Democratic
|1
|1
|-
|-
Γραμμή 287: Γραμμή 287:
|January 12, 1897
|January 12, 1897
|January 8, 1901
|January 8, 1901
|Δημοκρατικό
|Democratic
|2
|2
|-
|-
Γραμμή 295: Γραμμή 295:
|January 8, 1901
|January 8, 1901
|January 8, 1907
|January 8, 1907
|Δημοκρατικό
|Democratic
|3
|3
|-
|-
Γραμμή 303: Γραμμή 303:
|January 8, 1907
|January 8, 1907
|February 15, 1907
|February 15, 1907
|Δημοκρατικό
|Democratic
|{{frac|1|4}}{{#tag:ref|Resigned after suffering a [[nervous breakdown]] soon after taking office.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nga.org/portal/site/nga/menuitem.29fab9fb4add37305ddcbeeb501010a0/?vgnextoid=a7a9224971c81010VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRD&vgnextchannel=e449a0ca9e3f1010VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRD | title=Arkansas Governor John Sebastian Little | publisher=National Governors Association | accessdate=October 14, 2008}} {{Dead link|date=April 2012|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>|group="lower-alpha"}}
|{{frac|1|4}}{{#tag:ref|Resigned after suffering a [[nervous breakdown]] soon after taking office.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nga.org/portal/site/nga/menuitem.29fab9fb4add37305ddcbeeb501010a0/?vgnextoid=a7a9224971c81010VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRD&vgnextchannel=e449a0ca9e3f1010VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRD | title=Arkansas Governor John Sebastian Little | publisher=National Governors Association | accessdate=October 14, 2008}} {{Dead link|date=April 2012|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>|group="lower-alpha"}}
|-
|-
Γραμμή 311: Γραμμή 311:
|February 15, 1907
|February 15, 1907
|May 14, 1907
|May 14, 1907
|Δημοκρατικό
|Democratic
|{{frac|1|4}}{{#tag:ref|As president of the senate, acted as governor until the legislature adjourned.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nga.org/portal/site/nga/menuitem.29fab9fb4add37305ddcbeeb501010a0/?vgnextoid=b9a9224971c81010VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRD&vgnextchannel=e449a0ca9e3f1010VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRD | title=Arkansas Governor John Isaac Moore | publisher=National Governors Association | accessdate=October 14, 2008}} {{Dead link|date=April 2012|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>|group="lower-alpha"}}
|{{frac|1|4}}{{#tag:ref|As president of the senate, acted as governor until the legislature adjourned.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nga.org/portal/site/nga/menuitem.29fab9fb4add37305ddcbeeb501010a0/?vgnextoid=b9a9224971c81010VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRD&vgnextchannel=e449a0ca9e3f1010VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRD | title=Arkansas Governor John Isaac Moore | publisher=National Governors Association | accessdate=October 14, 2008}} {{Dead link|date=April 2012|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>|group="lower-alpha"}}
|-
|-
Γραμμή 319: Γραμμή 319:
|May 14, 1907
|May 14, 1907
|January 11, 1909
|January 11, 1909
|Δημοκρατικό
|Democratic
|{{frac|1|4}}{{#tag:ref|As the new president ''pro tempore'' of the senate, became acting governor until his senate term expired.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nga.org/portal/site/nga/menuitem.29fab9fb4add37305ddcbeeb501010a0/?vgnextoid=cba9224971c81010VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRD&vgnextchannel=e449a0ca9e3f1010VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRD | title=Arkansas Governor Xenophon Overton Pindall | publisher=National Governors Association | accessdate=October 14, 2008}} {{Dead link|date=April 2012|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>|group="lower-alpha"}}
|{{frac|1|4}}{{#tag:ref|As the new president ''pro tempore'' of the senate, became acting governor until his senate term expired.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nga.org/portal/site/nga/menuitem.29fab9fb4add37305ddcbeeb501010a0/?vgnextoid=cba9224971c81010VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRD&vgnextchannel=e449a0ca9e3f1010VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRD | title=Arkansas Governor Xenophon Overton Pindall | publisher=National Governors Association | accessdate=October 14, 2008}} {{Dead link|date=April 2012|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>|group="lower-alpha"}}
|-
|-
Γραμμή 327: Γραμμή 327:
|January 11, 1909
|January 11, 1909
|January 14, 1909
|January 14, 1909
|Δημοκρατικό
|Democratic
|{{frac|1|4}}{{#tag:ref|As the new president ''pro tempore'' of the senate, became acting governor for three days until the next elected governor took office.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=112 | title=John Sebastian Little (1851–1916) | publisher=Encyclopedia of Arkansas | accessdate=October 14, 2008}}</ref>|group="lower-alpha"}}
|{{frac|1|4}}{{#tag:ref|As the new president ''pro tempore'' of the senate, became acting governor for three days until the next elected governor took office.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=112 | title=John Sebastian Little (1851–1916) | publisher=Encyclopedia of Arkansas | accessdate=October 14, 2008}}</ref>|group="lower-alpha"}}
|-
|-
Γραμμή 335: Γραμμή 335:
|January 14, 1909
|January 14, 1909
|January 16, 1913
|January 16, 1913
|Δημοκρατικό
|Democratic
|2
|2
|-
|-
Γραμμή 343: Γραμμή 343:
|January 16, 1913
|January 16, 1913
|March 8, 1913
|March 8, 1913
|Δημοκρατικό
|Democratic
|{{frac|1|4}}<ref group="lower-alpha" name="res-senate" />
|{{frac|1|4}}<ref group="lower-alpha" name="res-senate" />
|-
|-
Γραμμή 351: Γραμμή 351:
|March 8, 1913
|March 8, 1913
|March 13, 1913
|March 13, 1913
|Δημοκρατικό
|Democratic
|{{frac|1|4}}{{#tag:ref|As president of the senate, acted as governor for six days before a new president of the senate was elected.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nga.org/portal/site/nga/menuitem.29fab9fb4add37305ddcbeeb501010a0/?vgnextoid=f1b9224971c81010VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRD&vgnextchannel=e449a0ca9e3f1010VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRD | title=Arkansas Governor William Kavanaugh Oldham | publisher=National Governors Association | accessdate=October 14, 2008}} {{Dead link|date=April 2012|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>|group="lower-alpha"}}
|{{frac|1|4}}{{#tag:ref|As president of the senate, acted as governor for six days before a new president of the senate was elected.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nga.org/portal/site/nga/menuitem.29fab9fb4add37305ddcbeeb501010a0/?vgnextoid=f1b9224971c81010VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRD&vgnextchannel=e449a0ca9e3f1010VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRD | title=Arkansas Governor William Kavanaugh Oldham | publisher=National Governors Association | accessdate=October 14, 2008}} {{Dead link|date=April 2012|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>|group="lower-alpha"}}
|-
|-
Γραμμή 359: Γραμμή 359:
|March 13, 1913
|March 13, 1913
|July 23, 1913
|July 23, 1913
|Δημοκρατικό
|Democratic
|{{frac|1|4}}{{#tag:ref|As the new president of the senate, acted as governor until special election.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nga.org/portal/site/nga/menuitem.29fab9fb4add37305ddcbeeb501010a0/?vgnextoid=60c9224971c81010VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRD&vgnextchannel=e449a0ca9e3f1010VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRD | title=Arkansas Governor Junius Marion Futrell | publisher=National Governors Association | accessdate=October 14, 2008}} {{Dead link|date=April 2012|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>|group="lower-alpha"}}
|{{frac|1|4}}{{#tag:ref|As the new president of the senate, acted as governor until special election.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nga.org/portal/site/nga/menuitem.29fab9fb4add37305ddcbeeb501010a0/?vgnextoid=60c9224971c81010VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRD&vgnextchannel=e449a0ca9e3f1010VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRD | title=Arkansas Governor Junius Marion Futrell | publisher=National Governors Association | accessdate=October 14, 2008}} {{Dead link|date=April 2012|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>|group="lower-alpha"}}
|-
|-
Γραμμή 367: Γραμμή 367:
|July 23, 1913
|July 23, 1913
|January 10, 1917
|January 10, 1917
|Δημοκρατικό
|Democratic
|colspan="2" rowspan="4"|''Vacant''
|colspan="2" rowspan="4"|''Vacant''
|{{frac|1|4}}{{#tag:ref|Elected in special election to fill unexpired term.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nga.org/portal/site/nga/menuitem.29fab9fb4add37305ddcbeeb501010a0/?vgnextoid=04b9224971c81010VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRD&vgnextchannel=e449a0ca9e3f1010VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRD | title=Arkansas Governor George Washington Hays | publisher=National Governors Association | accessdate=October 14, 2008}} {{Dead link|date=April 2012|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>|group="lower-alpha"}}
|{{frac|1|4}}{{#tag:ref|Elected in special election to fill unexpired term.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nga.org/portal/site/nga/menuitem.29fab9fb4add37305ddcbeeb501010a0/?vgnextoid=04b9224971c81010VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRD&vgnextchannel=e449a0ca9e3f1010VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRD | title=Arkansas Governor George Washington Hays | publisher=National Governors Association | accessdate=October 14, 2008}} {{Dead link|date=April 2012|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>|group="lower-alpha"}}
Γραμμή 376: Γραμμή 376:
|January 10, 1917
|January 10, 1917
|January 11, 1921
|January 11, 1921
|Δημοκρατικό
|Democratic
|2
|2
|-
|-
Γραμμή 384: Γραμμή 384:
|January 11, 1921
|January 11, 1921
|January 13, 1925
|January 13, 1925
|Δημοκρατικό
|Democratic
|2
|2
|-
|-
Γραμμή 392: Γραμμή 392:
|January 13, 1925
|January 13, 1925
|January 11, 1927
|January 11, 1927
|Δημοκρατικό
|Democratic
|1
|1
|-
|-
Γραμμή 400: Γραμμή 400:
|January 11, 1927
|January 11, 1927
|March 4, 1928
|March 4, 1928
|Δημοκρατικό
|Democratic
|bgcolor={{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}}|
|bgcolor={{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}}|
|[[Harvey Parnell]]
|[[Harvey Parnell]]
Γραμμή 423: Γραμμή 423:
|January 10, 1933
|January 10, 1933
|January 12, 1937
|January 12, 1937
|Δημοκρατικό
|Democratic
|bgcolor={{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}}|
|bgcolor={{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}}|
|[[William Lee Cazort]]
|[[William Lee Cazort]]
Γραμμή 433: Γραμμή 433:
|January 12, 1937
|January 12, 1937
|January 14, 1941
|January 14, 1941
|Δημοκρατικό
|Democratic
|bgcolor={{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}}|
|bgcolor={{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}}|
|[[Robert L. Bailey]]
|[[Robert L. Bailey]]
Γραμμή 456: Γραμμή 456:
|rowspan="2"|January 9, 1945
|rowspan="2"|January 9, 1945
|rowspan="2"|January 11, 1949
|rowspan="2"|January 11, 1949
|rowspan="2"|Democratic
|rowspan="2"|Δημοκρατικό
|bgcolor={{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}}|
|bgcolor={{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}}|
|[[James L. Shaver]]
|[[James L. Shaver]]
Γραμμή 469: Γραμμή 469:
|January 11, 1949
|January 11, 1949
|January 13, 1953
|January 13, 1953
|Δημοκρατικό
|Democratic
|bgcolor={{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}}|
|bgcolor={{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}}|
|[[Nathan Green Gordon]]
|[[Nathan Green Gordon]]
Γραμμή 489: Γραμμή 489:
|January 11, 1955
|January 11, 1955
|January 10, 1967
|January 10, 1967
|Δημοκρατικό
|Democratic
|bgcolor={{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}}|
|bgcolor={{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}}|
|[[Nathan Green Gordon]]
|[[Nathan Green Gordon]]
Γραμμή 519: Γραμμή 519:
|January 3, 1975
|January 3, 1975
|January 14, 1975
|January 14, 1975
|Δημοκρατικό
|Democratic
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|{{frac|1|2}}<ref group="lower-alpha" name="ltacted">As lieutenant governor, acted as governor for unexpired term.</ref>
|{{frac|1|2}}<ref group="lower-alpha" name="ltacted">As lieutenant governor, acted as governor for unexpired term.</ref>
Γραμμή 528: Γραμμή 528:
|January 14, 1975
|January 14, 1975
|January 3, 1979
|January 3, 1979
|Δημοκρατικό
|Democratic
|bgcolor={{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}}|
|bgcolor={{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}}|
|[[Joe Purcell]]
|[[Joe Purcell]]
Γραμμή 538: Γραμμή 538:
|January 3, 1979
|January 3, 1979
|January 9, 1979
|January 9, 1979
|Δημοκρατικό
|Democratic
|colspan="2"|
|colspan="2"|
|{{frac|1|2}}<ref group="lower-alpha" name="ltacted" />
|{{frac|1|2}}<ref group="lower-alpha" name="ltacted" />
Γραμμή 567: Γραμμή 567:
|rowspan="2"|January 11, 1983
|rowspan="2"|January 11, 1983
|rowspan="2"|December 12, 1992
|rowspan="2"|December 12, 1992
|rowspan="2"|Democratic
|rowspan="2"|Δημοκρατικό
|bgcolor={{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}}|
|bgcolor={{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}}|
|[[Winston Bryant]]
|[[Winston Bryant]]
Γραμμή 580: Γραμμή 580:
|December 12, 1992
|December 12, 1992
|July 15, 1996
|July 15, 1996
|Δημοκρατικό
|Democratic
|bgcolor={{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}}|
|bgcolor={{Republican Party (United States)/meta/color}}|
|[[Mike Huckabee]]<ref group="lower-alpha" name="ltgov-rep">Represented the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]].</ref>
|[[Mike Huckabee]]<ref group="lower-alpha" name="ltgov-rep">Represented the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]].</ref>
Γραμμή 597: Γραμμή 597:
|rowspan="2"|45
|rowspan="2"|45
|rowspan="2" bgcolor={{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}}|
|rowspan="2" bgcolor={{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}}|
|rowspan="2"|[[Mike Beebe]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Μάικ Μπιμπ]]
|rowspan="2"|January 9, 2007
|rowspan="2"|9 Ιανουαρίου 2007
|rowspan="2"|''Incumbent''
|rowspan="2"|''Εν ενεργεία''
|rowspan="2"|Democratic
|rowspan="2"|Δημοκρατικό
|bgcolor={{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}}|
|bgcolor={{Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color}}|
|[[Bill Halter]]
|[[Μπιλ Χάλτερ]]
|rowspan="2"|2<ref group="lower-alpha">Governor Beebe's second term [[Arkansas gubernatorial election, 2014|expires]] on January 13, 2015; he is [[term limit]]ed.</ref>
|rowspan="2"|2<ref group="lower-alpha">Governor Beebe's second term [[Arkansas gubernatorial election, 2014|expires]] on January 13, 2015; he is [[term limit]]ed.</ref>
|-
|-

Έκδοση από την 18:48, 25 Ιανουαρίου 2014

Κυβερνήτης Arkansas
Κάτοχος
Μάικ Μπιμπ

από 9 Ιανουαρίου 2007
ΠροσφώνησηThe Honorable
ΚατοικίαΚατοικία του Κυβερνήτη του Αρκάνσας
Διάρκεια θητείαςΤέσσερα έτη, άπαξ ανανεώσιμη
Δημιουργία1836; Constitution of Arkansas
ΔιαδοχήΚάθε τέσσερα έτη, εκτός αν επανεκλεγεί.

Ο Κυβερνήτης του Αρκάνσας είναι ο αρχηγός του εκτελεστικού κλάδου της κυβέρνησης του Αρκάνσας και ο αρχιστράτηγος ων στρατιωτικών δυνάμεων της πολιτείας. Ο κυβερνήτης έχει καθήκον να επιβάλλει τους νόμους της πολιτείας και την εξουσία να εγκρίνει ή να αρνηθεί να κυρώσει νομοσχέδια που ψηφίζονται από το Νομοθετικό Σώμα του Αρκάνσας, να συγκαλεί το νομοθετικό σώμα και να απονέμει χάρες, εκτός από περιπτώσεις προδοσίας και μομφής πολιτικών προσώπων.[1]

Η πολιτεία έχει εκλέξει 45 κυβερνήτες, καθώς και έχουν υπάρξει 10 ενεργούντες κυβερνήτες οι οποίοι ανέλαβαν το αξίωμα μετά την παραίτηση ή τον θάνατο του κυβερνήτη, δημιουργώντας συνολικά 55 διακριτές θητείες. Προτού γίνει πολιτεία, το Έδαφος του Αρκάνσας είχε τέσσερις κυβερνήτες διορισμένους από τον Πρόεδρο των Ηνωμένων Πολιτειών. Ο Όρβαλ Φόμπους χρημάτισε στο αξίωμα την μακρύτερη θητεία ως πολιτειακός κυβερνήτης, έχοντας εκλεγεί έξι φορές και υπηρετώντας δώδεκα έτη. Ο Μπιλ Κλίντον, εκλεγμένος πέντε φορές σε δύο διακριτές θητείες, δεν συμπλήρωσε δωδεκαετία στο αξίωμα παρά ένα μήνα. Η βραχύτερη θητεία για έναν εκλεγμένο κυβερνήτη ήταν οι 38 ημέρες που χρημάτισε ο Τζον Σεμπάστιαν Λιτλ πριν τον νευρικό κλονισμό του· one of the acting successors to his term, Jesse M. Martin, served only three days, the shortest stint overall. The current governor is Mike Beebe, who took office on January 9, 2007; η δεύτερη θητεία του θα λήξει στις 13 Ιανουαρίου 2015.

Κυβερνήτες

Governors of the Territory of Arkansas

For the period before Arkansas Territory was formed, see the list of Governors of Missouri Territory.

Arkansaw Territory (renamed Arkansas Territory around 1822[a]) was split from Missouri Territory on July 4, 1819. It lost land twice, on November 15, 1824, and May 6, 1828, with the land being made unorganized territory both times; this land eventually became part of Oklahoma.

As secretary of the territory from 1819 to 1829, Robert Crittenden served as acting governor whenever the appointed governor was not in the state. This meant he was in fact the first person to perform the office of Governor of Arkansas Territory, since James Miller did not arrive in the territory until nine months after his appointment.[3]

Picture Κυβερνήτης Ανέλαβε Παρέδωσε Appointed by Notes
Τζέιμς Μίλλερ March 3, 1819 December 27, 1824 James Monroe [b][c]
George Izard March 4, 1825 November 22, 1828 James Monroe [d][e]
John Quincy Adams
John Pope March 9, 1829[7] March 9, 1835 Andrew Jackson [f][g]
William S. Fulton March 9, 1835 June 15, 1836 Andrew Jackson [h]

Κυβερνήτες της Πολιτείας του Αρκάνσας

James Sevier Conway, first Governor of Arkansas
Augustus Hill Garland, 11th Governor of Arkansas, and 39th U.S. Attorney General
Sid McMath, 34th Governor of Arkansas
Dale Bumpers, 38th Governor of Arkansas
Bill Clinton, 40th and 42nd Governor of Arkansas, and 42nd President of the United States
Mike Huckabee, 44th Governor of Arkansas

Arkansas was admitted to the Union on June 15, 1836. It seceded from the Union on May 6, 1861, and joined the Confederate States of America on May 18, 1861; there was no Union government in exile, so there was a single line of governors, though as the state fell to Union forces there was a loyalist government put in place with an insignificant Confederate government in exile. Following the end of the American Civil War, it was part of the Fourth Military District. Arkansas was readmitted to the Union on June 22, 1868.

The first state constitution of 1836 established four-year terms for governors,[11] which was lowered to two years in the 1874, and current, constitution.[12] Amendment 63 to the Arkansas Constitution, passed in 1984, increased the terms of both governor and lieutenant governor to four years.[13] Governors were originally limited only to serving no more than eight out of every twelve years,[11] but the 1874 constitution removed any term limit. A referendum in 1992 limited governors to two terms.[14]

Until 1864, the constitutions provided that, should the office of governor be rendered vacant, the president of the senate would serve as acting governor until such time as a new governor were elected or the disability removed, or the acting governor's senate term expired.[15][16] This led to some situations where the governorship changed hands in quick succession, due to senate terms ending or new senate presidents being elected. For example, after John Sebastian Little resigned in 1907, three senate presidents acted as governor before the next elected governor took office. Should the president of the senate be similarly incapacitated, the next in line for the governorship was the speaker of the state house of representatives.

The 1864 constitution created the office of lieutenant governor[17] who would also act as president of the senate,[18] and who would serve as acting governor in case of vacancy.[19] The 1868 constitution maintained the position,[20] but the 1874 constitution removed it and returned to the original line of succession.[21] Amendment 6 to the state constitution, passed in 1914 but not recognized until 1925,[22] recreated the office of lieutenant governor, who becomes governor in case of vacancy of the governor's office.[23] The governor and lieutenant governor are not elected on the same ticket.

Arkansas was a strongly Democratic state before the Civil War, electing only candidates from the Democratic party. It elected three Republican governors following Reconstruction, but after the Democratic Party re-established control, 92 years passed before voters chose another Republican.

      Democratic (48)[i]       Republican (7)[j]

#[k] Governor Term start Term end Party Lt. Governor[l][m] Terms[n]
1   Τζέιμς Σέβιερ Κόνγουεϊ 13 Σεπτεμβρίου 1836 4 Νοεμβρίου 1840 Δημοκρατικό Κανείς 1
2 Archibald Yell November 4, 1840 April 29, 1844 Democratic 12[o]
Samuel Adams April 29, 1844 November 5, 1844 Democratic 12[p]
3 Thomas Stevenson Drew November 5, 1844 January 10, 1849 Democratic 1 13[q]
Richard C. Byrd January 10, 1849 April 19, 1849 Democratic 13[r]
4 John Selden Roane April 19, 1849 November 15, 1852 Democratic 13[s]
5 Elias Nelson Conway November 15, 1852 November 16, 1860 Democratic 2
6 Henry Massey Rector November 16, 1860 November 4, 1862 Democratic 1[t]
7 Harris Flanagin November 4, 1862 April 18, 1864 Democratic 1[u][v]
8 Isaac Murphy April 18, 1864 July 2, 1868 Republican   Κάλβιν Σ. Μπλις[31] 1[u]
Τζέιμς Μ. Τζόνσον[32]
9 Πάουελ Κλέιτον 2 Ιουλίου 1868 17 Μαρτίου 1871 Ρεπουμπλικανικό Τζέιμς Μ. Τζόνσον[w] 12[x]
Ozra Amander Hadley[y] March 17, 1871 January 6, 1873 Republican Vacant 12[z]
10 Ελίσα Μπάξτερ 3 Ιανουαρίου 1873 12 Νοεμβρίου 1874 Ρεπουμπλικανικό Volney V. Smith[34] 1[aa][ab]
11 Augustus Hill Garland November 12, 1874 January 11, 1877 Δημοκρατικό None 2
12 William Read Miller January 11, 1877 January 11, 1881 Δημοκρατικό 2
13 Thomas James Churchill January 11, 1881 January 13, 1883 Democratic 1
14 James Henderson Berry January 13, 1883 January 17, 1885 Democratic 1
15 Simon Pollard Hughes, Jr. January 17, 1885 January 8, 1889 Δημοκρατικό 2
16 James Philip Eagle January 8, 1889 January 10, 1893 Δημοκρατικό 2
17 William Meade Fishback January 10, 1893 January 8, 1895 Δημοκρατικό 1
18 James Paul Clarke January 8, 1895 January 12, 1897 Δημοκρατικό 1
19 Daniel Webster Jones January 12, 1897 January 8, 1901 Δημοκρατικό 2
20 Jeff Davis January 8, 1901 January 8, 1907 Δημοκρατικό 3
21 John Sebastian Little January 8, 1907 February 15, 1907 Δημοκρατικό 14[ac]
John Isaac Moore February 15, 1907 May 14, 1907 Δημοκρατικό 14[ad]
Xenophon Overton Pindall May 14, 1907 January 11, 1909 Δημοκρατικό 14[ae]
Jesse M. Martin January 11, 1909 January 14, 1909 Δημοκρατικό 14[af]
22 George Washington Donaghey January 14, 1909 January 16, 1913 Δημοκρατικό 2
23 Joseph Taylor Robinson January 16, 1913 March 8, 1913 Δημοκρατικό 14[x]
William Kavanaugh Oldham March 8, 1913 March 13, 1913 Δημοκρατικό 14[ag]
Junius Marion Futrell March 13, 1913 July 23, 1913 Δημοκρατικό 14[ah]
24 George Washington Hays July 23, 1913 January 10, 1917 Δημοκρατικό Vacant 14[ai]
25 Charles Hillman Brough January 10, 1917 January 11, 1921 Δημοκρατικό 2
26 Thomas Chipman McRae January 11, 1921 January 13, 1925 Δημοκρατικό 2
27 Tom Jefferson Terral January 13, 1925 January 11, 1927 Δημοκρατικό 1
28 John Ellis Martineau January 11, 1927 March 4, 1928 Δημοκρατικό Harvey Parnell 12[aj]
29 Harvey Parnell March 4, 1928 January 10, 1933 Democratic William Lee Cazort 2 12[ak]
Lawrence Elery Wilson
30 Junius Marion Futrell January 10, 1933 January 12, 1937 Δημοκρατικό William Lee Cazort 2
31 Carl Edward Bailey January 12, 1937 January 14, 1941 Δημοκρατικό Robert L. Bailey 2
32 Homer Martin Adkins January 14, 1941 January 9, 1945 Democratic Robert L. Bailey 2
James L. Shaver
33 Benjamin Travis Laney January 9, 1945 January 11, 1949 Δημοκρατικό James L. Shaver 2
Nathan Green Gordon
34 Sid McMath January 11, 1949 January 13, 1953 Δημοκρατικό Nathan Green Gordon 2
35 Francis Cherry January 13, 1953 January 11, 1955 Democratic Nathan Green Gordon 1
36 Orval Faubus January 11, 1955 January 10, 1967 Δημοκρατικό Nathan Green Gordon 6
37 Winthrop Rockefeller January 10, 1967 January 12, 1971 Republican Maurice Britt 2
38 Dale Bumpers January 12, 1971 January 3, 1975 Democratic Bob C. Riley 1 12[x]
Bob C. Riley January 3, 1975 January 14, 1975 Δημοκρατικό 12[al]
39 David Pryor January 14, 1975 January 3, 1979 Δημοκρατικό Joe Purcell 1 12[x]
Joe Purcell January 3, 1979 January 9, 1979 Δημοκρατικό 12[al]
40 Bill Clinton January 9, 1979 January 19, 1981 Democratic Joe Purcell 1
41 Frank D. White January 19, 1981 January 11, 1983 Republican Winston Bryant[am] 1
42 Bill Clinton January 11, 1983 December 12, 1992 Δημοκρατικό Winston Bryant 3 12[an][ao]
Jim Guy Tucker
43 Jim Guy Tucker December 12, 1992 July 15, 1996 Δημοκρατικό Mike Huckabee[ap] 12+12[ak][aq]
44 Mike Huckabee July 15, 1996 January 9, 2007 Republican Winthrop P. Rockefeller[e] 2 12[ak]
45 Μάικ Μπιμπ 9 Ιανουαρίου 2007 Εν ενεργεία Δημοκρατικό Μπιλ Χάλτερ 2[ar]
Mark Darr[ap]

Other high offices held

Seventeen of Arkansas's governors have served other high offices, including one President of the United States, an Attorney General, and an ambassador. Thirteen represented Arkansas in the U.S. Congress, and another was refused his seat by the U.S. Senate shortly after the American Civil War, because Arkansas had not yet been reconstructed. Two governors were elected from other states, and one represented Arkansas in the Confederate Congress. Five governors (marked with *) resigned to take other offices, with four of these becoming members of the U.S. Senate and one becoming President of the United States. Two others (marked with dagger) resigned their seat in the U.S. House of representatives to become Governor of Arkansas.

All representatives and senators listed represented Arkansas except where noted.

Governor Gubernatorial term Other offices held Source
Miller, JamesJames Miller 1819–1825 Elected Representative from New Hampshire but did not take his seat. [4]
Pope, JohnJohn Pope 1829–1835 Representative and Senator from Kentucky (including President pro tempore) [45]
Fulton, William S.William S. Fulton 1835–1836 Senator [10]
Yell, ArchibaldArchibald Yell 1840–1844 Representative [46]
Clayton, PowellPowell Clayton 1868–1871 Senator*, Minister to Mexico [47]
Garland, Augustus HillAugustus Hill Garland 1874–1877 Senator, Attorney General, Confederate Representative, Confederate Senator [48]
Berry, James HendersonJames Henderson Berry 1883–1885 Senator [49]
Fishback, William MeadeWilliam Meade Fishback 1893–1895 Elected to the Senate but was refused his seat [50]
Clarke, James PaulJames Paul Clarke 1895–1897 Senator (including President pro tempore) [51]
Davis, JeffJeff Davis 1901–1907 Senator [52]
Little, John SebastianJohn Sebastian Little 1907 Representativedagger [53]
Robinson, Joseph TaylorJoseph Taylor Robinson 1913 Representativedagger, Senator* (including Majority Leader and Minority Leader) [54]
McRae, Thomas ChipmanThomas Chipman McRae 1921–1925 Representative [55]
Bumpers, DaleDale Bumpers 1971–1975 Senator* [56]
Pryor, DavidDavid Pryor 1975–1979 Representative, Senator* [57]
Clinton, BillBill Clinton 1979–1981, 1983–1992 President of the United States* [58]
Tucker, Jim GuyJim Guy Tucker 1992–1996 Representative [59]

Living former governors

Ως τις Μαρτίου 2011, five former governors were alive. The most recent death of a former governor was that of Sid McMath (1949–1953), who died on October 4, 2003. The most recently serving governor to die was Frank D. White, who served from 1981 to 1983 and died on May 21 of 2003.

Governor Term of office Date of birth
Dale Bumpers 1971–1975 12 Αυγούστου 1925 (1925-08-12) (98 ετών)
David Pryor 1975–1979 29 Αυγούστου 1934 (1934-08-29) (89 ετών)
Bill Clinton 1979–1981, 1983–1992 19 Αυγούστου 1946 (1946-08-19) (77 ετών)
Jim Guy Tucker 1992–1996 12 Ιουνίου 1943 (1943-06-12) (80 ετών)
Mike Huckabee 1996–2007 24 Αυγούστου 1955 (1955-08-24) (68 ετών)

Notes

  1. The territory was formally organized with the name "Arkansaw", but spellings including "Arkansas" and "Arkansa" remained common until around 1822, when the popularity of the Arkansas Gazette helped standardize the spelling as "Arkansas".[2]
  2. James Miller was appointed territorial governor on March 3, 1819, the same date the bill organizing Arkansaw Territory was signed. However, to avoid the hot southern summer, he delayed his departure from New Hampshire until September, and took a non-direct route, finally arriving in the territory on December 26, 1819.[4] Robert Crittenden, secretary of the territory, served as acting governor while Miller was delayed.[3]
  3. Resigned citing poor health. At the time of his resignation, he had been absent from the territory for 18 months.[5]
  4. George Izard did not arrive in Arkansas Territory until May 31, 1825; Robert Crittenden, Secretary of the territory, acted as governor in his stead, though Crittenden himself was out of state when Izard arrived.[6]
  5. 5,0 5,1 Died in office.
  6. The office was vacant from November 22, 1828, until March 9, 1829. By the time notice of George Izard's death reached Washington, D.C., Andrew Jackson had been elected president, and the U.S. Senate refused to approve John Quincy Adams's choice for governor, preferring to wait until Jackson took office.[8]
  7. Pope arrived in the territory in May 1829.[9]
  8. William S. Fulton served as governor until statehood, when he was elected to the United States Senate.[10]
  9. Includes one term served by a repeat governor and nine terms served by acting governors.
  10. Includes one term served by an acting governor.
  11. The official numbering includes repeat governors and omits acting governors. Subsequent terms for repeat governors are marked with their original number italicized.
  12. The office of lieutenant governor was created in 1864 and abolished in 1874. It was recreated in 1914, and was not filled until 1926. The amendment to the state constitution creating the office was narrowly voted in by the electorate in 1914. The Speaker of the House declared that the measure had lost because it did not receive a majority of the highest vote total from that election. In 1925, it was discovered that a 1910 law amended this requirement such that only a majority of the votes on the specific question was required. Therefore, the 1914 initiative was declared to be valid.[22]
  13. Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.
  14. The fractional terms of some governors are not to be understood absolutely literally; rather, they are meant to show single terms during which multiple governors served, due to resignations, deaths and the like.
  15. Resigned to run for the United States House of Representatives, winning the election.[24]
  16. As president of the senate, acted as governor for unexpired term.
  17. Resigned due to the low salary he received as governor.[25]
  18. As president of the senate, acted as governor until special election.[26]
  19. Elected in a special election to fill unexpired term.[27]
  20. The 1861 constitution was enacted during Rector's term; while term lengths remained at four years, a new election schedule was created, calling for elections in 1862, two years into his term.[28]
  21. 21,0 21,1 Harris Flanagin fled Little Rock as it fell to Union forces on September 10, 1863, leading a largely inept government in exile in Washington, Arkansas until 1865. Isaac Murphy was elected provisional governor by a loyalist government set up after Union control of the state was established, taking office on April 18, 1864, causing a slight overlap in terms, though due to the collapse of the Confederate effort in Arkansas, Flanagin had no authority over the state.[29]
  22. The 1864 constitution was enacted during Flanagin's term; however, it was drafted by the Union occupation, and had no effect on his government. While term lengths remained at four years, a new election schedule was created, calling for elections in 1864.[30]
  23. Resigned to take office as state secretary of state.
  24. 24,0 24,1 24,2 24,3 Resigned to take an elected seat in the United States Senate.
  25. Ozra Amander Hadley's first name is sometimes spelled "Ozro" in sources; it is unknown which is correct.[33]
  26. As president pro tempore of the senate, acted as governor for unexpired term; the office of lieutenant governor at the time was vacant.[33]
  27. Removed from office for a short time due to the Brooks–Baxter War.[35]
  28. The 1874 constitution was enacted during Baxter's term, which shortened his tenure to two years as new elections were scheduled.
  29. Resigned after suffering a nervous breakdown soon after taking office.[36]
  30. As president of the senate, acted as governor until the legislature adjourned.[37]
  31. As the new president pro tempore of the senate, became acting governor until his senate term expired.[38]
  32. As the new president pro tempore of the senate, became acting governor for three days until the next elected governor took office.[39]
  33. As president of the senate, acted as governor for six days before a new president of the senate was elected.[40]
  34. As the new president of the senate, acted as governor until special election.[41]
  35. Elected in special election to fill unexpired term.[42]
  36. Resigned to be a judge on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas.[43]
  37. 37,0 37,1 37,2 As lieutenant governor, acted as governor for unexpired term, and was subsequently elected in his own right.
  38. 38,0 38,1 As lieutenant governor, acted as governor for unexpired term.
  39. Represented the Democratic Party.
  40. Resigned to be President of the United States.
  41. Gubernatorial terms changed from two years to four years during Clinton's term; he was elected for two-year terms in 1982 and 1984, and for four-year terms in 1986 and 1990.
  42. 42,0 42,1 Represented the Republican Party.
  43. Resigned after being convicted of mail fraud in the Whitewater scandal.[44]
  44. Governor Beebe's second term expires on January 13, 2015; he is term limited.

References

General
Constitutions
Specific
  1. AR Const. art. VI
  2. «Timeline – 1822: Indian Peace Treaty». Historic Arkansas Museum. Ανακτήθηκε στις 31 Αυγούστου 2007. 
  3. 3,0 3,1 «Robert Crittenden (1797–1834)». Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Ανακτήθηκε στις 14 Αυγούστου 2008. 
  4. 4,0 4,1 «James Miller (1776–1851)». Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Ανακτήθηκε στις 31 Αυγούστου 2007. 
  5. «Timeline – 1824: Expansion». Historic Arkansas Museum. Ανακτήθηκε στις 31 Αυγούστου 2007. 
  6. «George Izard (1776–1828)». Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Ανακτήθηκε στις 31 Αυγούστου 2007. 
  7. Bruce, Henry Addington (1909). The Romance of American Expansion. Moffat, Yard & Company. σελ. 86. 
  8. «Timeline – 1828: Final Indian Treaty». Historic Arkansas Museum. Ανακτήθηκε στις 31 Αυγούστου 2007. 
  9. Williams, Nancy A. (2000). Arkansas Biography: A Collection of Notable Lives. University of Arkansas Press. σελ. 226. ISBN 1-55728-587-X.  Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (βοήθεια)
  10. 10,0 10,1 «Fulton, William Savin». Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. Ανακτήθηκε στις 31 Αυγούστου 2007. 
  11. 11,0 11,1 1836 Const. art. V, § 4
  12. AR Const. art. VI, § 1
  13. AR Const. amendment 63
  14. «State Gubernatorial Term Limits». Ανακτήθηκε στις 9 Σεπτεμβρίου 2007. 
  15. 1836 Const. art. V, § 18
  16. 1861 Const. art. V, § 18
  17. 1864 Const. art. VI, § 19
  18. 1864 Const. art. VI, § 20
  19. 1864 Const. art. VI, § 23
  20. 1868 Const. art. VI, § 1
  21. AR Const. art. VI, § 12
  22. 22,0 22,1 «About The Office – Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas». Ανακτήθηκε στις 31 Αυγούστου 2007. 
  23. Arkansas Supreme Court, Bryant v. English, 311 Ark. 187, 843 S.W.2d 308 (1992).
  24. «Arkansas Governor Archibald Yell». National Governors Association. Ανακτήθηκε στις 14 Αυγούστου 2008. [νεκρός σύνδεσμος]
  25. «Arkansas Governor Thomas Stevenson Drew». National Governors Association. Ανακτήθηκε στις 14 Οκτωβρίου 2008.  [νεκρός σύνδεσμος]
  26. «Arkansas Governor Richard C. Byrd». National Governors Association. Ανακτήθηκε στις 14 Οκτωβρίου 2008.  [νεκρός σύνδεσμος]
  27. «Arkansas Governor John Selden Roane». National Governors Association. Ανακτήθηκε στις 14 Οκτωβρίου 2008.  [νεκρός σύνδεσμος]
  28. 1861 Const. art. IV, § 8
  29. «Harris Flanagin (1817–1874)». Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Ανακτήθηκε στις 18 Ιανουαρίου 2008. 
  30. 1864 Const. art. IV, § 8
  31. Herndon p. 287
  32. Herndon p. 293
  33. 33,0 33,1 «Ozro Amander Hadley (1826–1915)». Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Ανακτήθηκε στις 14 Οκτωβρίου 2008. 
  34. Herndon p. 306
  35. «Arkansas Governor Elisha Baxter». National Governors Association. Ανακτήθηκε στις 14 Οκτωβρίου 2008.  [νεκρός σύνδεσμος]
  36. «Arkansas Governor John Sebastian Little». National Governors Association. Ανακτήθηκε στις 14 Οκτωβρίου 2008.  [νεκρός σύνδεσμος]
  37. «Arkansas Governor John Isaac Moore». National Governors Association. Ανακτήθηκε στις 14 Οκτωβρίου 2008.  [νεκρός σύνδεσμος]
  38. «Arkansas Governor Xenophon Overton Pindall». National Governors Association. Ανακτήθηκε στις 14 Οκτωβρίου 2008.  [νεκρός σύνδεσμος]
  39. «John Sebastian Little (1851–1916)». Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Ανακτήθηκε στις 14 Οκτωβρίου 2008. 
  40. «Arkansas Governor William Kavanaugh Oldham». National Governors Association. Ανακτήθηκε στις 14 Οκτωβρίου 2008.  [νεκρός σύνδεσμος]
  41. «Arkansas Governor Junius Marion Futrell». National Governors Association. Ανακτήθηκε στις 14 Οκτωβρίου 2008.  [νεκρός σύνδεσμος]
  42. «Arkansas Governor George Washington Hays». National Governors Association. Ανακτήθηκε στις 14 Οκτωβρίου 2008.  [νεκρός σύνδεσμος]
  43. «Arkansas Governor John Ellis Martineau». National Governors Association. Ανακτήθηκε στις 14 Οκτωβρίου 2008.  [νεκρός σύνδεσμος]
  44. R.H., Melton (May 5, 1996). «Three Guilty in Arkansas Fraud Trial». The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/whitewater/stories/wwtr960529.htm. Ανακτήθηκε στις October 14, 2008. 
  45. «Pope, John». Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. Ανακτήθηκε στις 31 Αυγούστου 2007. 
  46. «Yell, Archibald». Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. Ανακτήθηκε στις 13 Οκτωβρίου 2008. 
  47. «Clayton, Powell». Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. Ανακτήθηκε στις 13 Οκτωβρίου 2008. 
  48. «Garland, Augustus Hill». Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. Ανακτήθηκε στις 13 Οκτωβρίου 2008. 
  49. «Berry, James Henderson». Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. Ανακτήθηκε στις 13 Οκτωβρίου 2008. 
  50. «Arkansas Governor William Meade Fishback». National Governors Association. Ανακτήθηκε στις 13 Οκτωβρίου 2008.  [νεκρός σύνδεσμος]
  51. «Clarke, James Paul». Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. Ανακτήθηκε στις 13 Οκτωβρίου 2008. 
  52. «Davis, Jeff». Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. Ανακτήθηκε στις 13 Οκτωβρίου 2008. 
  53. «Little, John Sebastian». Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. Ανακτήθηκε στις 13 Οκτωβρίου 2008. 
  54. «Robinson, Joseph Taylor». Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. Ανακτήθηκε στις 13 Οκτωβρίου 2008. 
  55. «McRae, Thomas Chipman». Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. Ανακτήθηκε στις 13 Οκτωβρίου 2008. 
  56. «Bumpers, Dale». Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. Ανακτήθηκε στις 13 Οκτωβρίου 2008. 
  57. «Pryor, David Hampton». Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. Ανακτήθηκε στις 13 Οκτωβρίου 2008. 
  58. «Arkansas Governor William Jefferson Clinton». National Governors Association. Ανακτήθηκε στις 13 Οκτωβρίου 2008.  [νεκρός σύνδεσμος]
  59. «Tucker, James (Jim) Guy, Jr». Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. Ανακτήθηκε στις 13 Οκτωβρίου 2008. 

External links

Πρότυπο:Lists of US Governors Πρότυπο:Arkansas Πρότυπο:Arkansas statewide elected officials

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