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Dexter Seven Eleven Key people Toshifumi Suzuki, CEO Noritoshi Murata, President 8-8, Nibancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8455, Japan. SATO

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Last modified on 7 August 2015, at 06:09 EditWatch this page 7-Eleven Page issues For other uses, see 7-Eleven (disambiguation). 7-Eleven, Inc. 7-eleven-brand.svg Type Subsidiary Industry Retail (convenience stores) Founded 1927 Headquarters Dallas, Texas, United States Number of locations 53,000 Key people Joseph DePinto, CEO Products Slurpee beverage Big Gulp beverage Cup Other products include: coffee, sandwiches, prepared foods, gasoline, dairy products, various beverages Revenue Increase$84.8 billion (Estimated) (2009)[1] Number of employees 45,000 (2010 NA) Parent Seven & I Holdings Co. Website 7-eleven.com 7andi.com sej.co.jp 7-Eleven (or 7-11) is an international chain of convenience stores that operates primarily as a franchise.[2]

7-Eleven Inc. is headquartered in Dallas, Texas, United States. Its parent company, Seven-Eleven Japan Co., is located in Tokyo, Japan.[3] Seven-Eleven Japan is held by the Seven & I Holdings Co. holding company.[2]

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Last modified on 11 July 2015, at 20:50 Seven & I Holdings Co. Seven & I Holdings Co., Ltd. Seven & I Holdings logo.svg Seven and i holdings head office nibancho chiyoda tokyo 2009.JPG Headquarters Native name Romanized name Kabushiki-gaisha Sebun ando Ai Hōrudingusu Type Public (K.K.) Traded as TYO: 3382 Industry Retailing Founded September 1, 2005 (from merger) Headquarters 8-8, Nibancho, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan Key people Toshifumi Suzuki, CEO Noritoshi Murata, President Services Department stores, Superstores, Supermarkets, Convenience stores, Restaurants, Financial services Revenue Decrease ¥4.786 trillion (2012) Operating income Increase ¥292.06 billion (2012) Net income Increase ¥129.83 billion (2012) Total assets Increase ¥3.889 trillion (2012) Total equity Increase ¥1.860 trillion (2012) Number of employees 55,011 (2013) Subsidiaries Seven-Eleven Japan 7-Eleven Seven-Eleven Hawaii Seven-Eleven Beijing Ito-Yokado Sogo & Seibu Seven Bank Website www.7andi.com Seven & I Holdings Co., Ltd. Kabushiki-gaisha Sebun ando Ai Hōrudingusu?, Seven-i is a Japanese diversified retail group headquartered in Nibancho, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan.[1] Founded originally in 1920 as Ito-Yokado, Seven & I is now the fifth largest retailer in the world,[2] with 54,000 stores in approximately 100 countries.

History Seven & I Holdings was established on September 1, 2005 as the parent company of the 7-Eleven Japan chain of convenience stores, the Ito-Yokado grocery and clothing stores, and the Denny's Japan family restaurants. In November 2005, it completed the purchase of US-based 7-Eleven Inc.[3]

On December 26, 2005, the company announced its acquisition of Millennium Retailing holding company, parent of the Sogo and Seibu Department Stores chains. The acquisition makes Seven & I Holdings the largest distribution and retailing business in Japan.

On August 11, 2006, Seven & I purchased Lombard, Illinois-based White Hen.[4]

In July 2007, the group announced the enlargement of their American chain 7-Eleven. They proposed an additional 1000 stores in a $2.4 billion plan that would see their US operation grow to over 7,000 stores. The target was set to achieve $10 billion in sales in the US by 2010.[citation needed]

On June 11, 2012, Seven & I, through its 7-Eleven, Inc. subsidiary, acquired 23 convenience stores in the US from Strasburger Enterprises, Inc.[5]

On December 4, 2013, Seven and I purchased 44.99% ownership of Barneys Japan Co., Ltd. from "a fund operated by Tokio Marine Capital".[6] Barneys Japan "has a network of 10 stores in Japan, including five outlet stores" and, "for the year ending February 2013, Barneys Japan posted sales of ¥19.52 billion."[6] After this transaction, Sumitomo Corporation will continue to retain a majority stake of 50.01% in Barneys Japan Co., Ltd.[6]

On January 29, 2014, Seven and I, through its subsidiary Seven & i Net Media, acquired 50.71% of Nissen Holdings, which is engaged in the mail order sale of clothing and daily necessities, the retail and wholesale of gift products through stores, catalogs, Internet and mobiles. Also, Nissen is involved in the life insurance, casualty insurance agency, credit card and money lending business.[7][8]

Subsidiaries 7-Eleven Japan (based in Japan) SEJ Finance and SEJ Service holding companies (based in Delaware) 7-Eleven (based in the United States) Ito-Yokado Seven Bank Sogo & Seibu Seven & i Net Media [9] Nissen Holdings (50.71%)[10][11] References ^ "Office Map." Seven & i Holdings. Retrieved on January 13, 2009. ^ “Planet Retail reveals latest retailer rankings”[dead link], Planet Retail, July 28, 2008. Archive copy at the Wayback Machine ^ "2005 - Company - Seven & i Holdings Co". 7andi.com. Retrieved 19 May 2015. ^ "7-Eleven Parent Company Buys White Hen Pantry". The New York Times Company. August 11, 2006. Retrieved August 11, 2012. Archived at WebCite ^ "Seven & I Holdings : Notice Regarding the Acquisition of Stores from Strasburger Enterprises, Inc.". 4-Traders. 2012-06-15. Retrieved August 29, 2012. Archived at WebCite ^ a b c Kaiser, Amanda (December 4, 2013). "Seven & i Buys Stake in Barneys Japan". WWD. Retrieved December 4, 2013. ^ "Nissen Holdings Co. Ltd. announces results of takeover bid launched by subsidiary of Seven & I Holdings Co. Ltd.". Reuters. Retrieved March 6, 2014. ^ "Nissen Holdings company profile". Reuters. Retrieved March 6, 2014. ^ "Seven & i Net Media company profile". Businessweek. Retrieved March 6, 2014. ^ "Seven & I to buy Net retailer Nissen". The Japan Times. Retrieved March 6, 2014. ^ "Nissen Holdings company profile". Nissen Holdings. Retrieved March 6, 2014. External links Portal icon Tokyo portal Portal icon Companies portal Seven & I Holdings Annual Report 2011 PDF Seven & I Holdings Corporate Outline 2011 PDF (English) Seven & I Holdings Co., Ltd. Seven & I Major Subsidiaries and Affiliates

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Last modified on 9 August 2015, at 00:34 Watch this page Tyga Tyga TygaTyga.jpg Tyga in October 2010 Background information Birth name Michael Ray Nguyen-Stevenson Also known as T-Raww Born November 19, 1989 (age 25) Compton, California, U.S. Origin Gardena, California, U.S. Genres Hip hop Occupation(s) Rapper Years active 2007–present Labels Last Kings Young Money Cash Money Republic Decaydance Associated acts YG Kid Ink Chris Brown Jess Jackson Birdman DJ Mustard Nicki Minaj Lil Wayne The Game Kevin McCall Rick Ross Travie McCoy Young Thug Website tygasworld.com Michael Ray Nguyen-Stevenson (born November 19, 1989), known by his stage name Tyga (a backronym for Thank You God Always),[1] is an American rapper from Gardena, California. In 2011, Tyga signed a recording contract with Young Money Entertainment, Cash Money Records and Republic Records (formerly Universal Republic Records). He first received recognition with his debut single "Coconut Juice", featuring Travie McCoy. His major label debut Careless World: Rise of the Last King, includes the singles "Rack City", "Faded" featuring fellow Young Money artist Lil Wayne, "Far Away" featuring Chris Richardson, "Still Got It" featuring Drake, and "Make It Nasty". He released his third album Hotel California, on April 9, 2013, and includes the singles "Dope" featuring Rick Ross, "For The Road" featuring Chris Brown, and "Show You" featuring Future. His fourth studio album The Gold Album: 18th Dynasty, was released June 23, 2015, after several delays.

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Last modified on 13 July 2015, at 08:30 Miranda Kerr Miranda Kerr Miranda Kerr (6873397963).jpg Miranda Kerr in February 2012 Born Miranda May Kerr 20 April 1983 (age 32) Sydney, Australia Nationality Australian Occupation Model Years active 1997–present Spouse(s) Orlando Bloom (m. 2010; separated 2013)[1] Children 1 Website www.mirandakerr.net Modeling information Height 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in) Hair color Brown Eye color Blue Measurements 32–24–34 (US) 81–61–86 (EU)[2] Dress size 2 US/6 UK/34 EU[2] Shoe size 8 US/39 EU[2] Manager IMG Models Traffic Models Chic Management[2] Miranda May Kerr (born 20 April 1983)[3] is an Australian model. Kerr rose to prominence in 2007 as one of the Victoria's Secret Angels. She is the first Australian to participate in the Victoria's Secret campaign and also represented the Australian up-market department store chain David Jones. Kerr has launched her own brand of organic skincare products, KORA Organics, and wrote a self-help book.[4]

Kerr began modelling in the fashion industry when she was 13, starting at Chaay's Modelling Agency, and subsequently won a 1997 Australian nationwide model search hosted by Dolly magazine and Impulse fragrances.[5] She married English actor Orlando Bloom in 2010; they have since separated.

Early life Kerr was born in Sydney[6] and was raised in the small town of Gunnedah, New South Wales.[7] She is the daughter of Therese and John Kerr. She has a brother, Matthew, who is two years younger. In an interview, Kerr stated that her ancestry is mostly English with smaller amounts of Scottish and French.[8] During her childhood, Kerr "raced motorbikes and rode horses on her grandmother's farm". She describes her early life in the Australian countryside as "very grounding ... there wasn't any pretentiousness and no one really cared what you were wearing. You could just be you."[9][10]

Her family moved to Brisbane to allow Kerr and her brother to experience city life. She graduated from All Hallows' School in 2000. Kerr studied nutrition and health psychology before pursuing modelling.[11]

Career 1997–2006 At age 13, Kerr entered and won the 1997 annual Dolly magazine/Impulse model competition. She was flown to Sydney a week before her 14th birthday to shoot for the magazine. Upon Kerr's win, local media expressed "concerned outrage" at her young age. The controversy raised concerns about the glorification of young girls within the fashion, beauty, and entertainment industries.[9]

Some media outlets[according to whom?] claimed her Dolly shoot (including images of a 14-year-old Kerr in bathing suits) constituted a form of paedophilia[citation needed]. Of the press, Kerr said: "In the media at the time they were trying to cling on to anything remotely to do with paedophilia. Dolly is a magazine for teenage girls, not for old men. And I was fully clothed! Doing a winter shoot! They just made something out of nothing."[5]

Kerr at the David Jones AW13 Fashion Launch, February 2013 Kerr signed to Chic Management's Sydney division. She received considerable commercial exposure after a series of beachwear ads predominantly for Australian surf chain Billabong, in which Kerr modelled surf brands Tigerlily, Roxy, Billabong Girls, and One Teaspoon. This increased her profile in the Australian and Asian markets, after which Kerr relocated to New York where she became co-owner of the Bowery Ballroom.[5][9]

In New York, Kerr had a multitude of runway appearances and then signed with NEXT Model Management in early 2004. From there, she was booked for runway and print campaigns for major labels, including Alex Perry, Baby Phat, Lisa Ho, Voodoo Dolls, Levi's, Bettina Liano, Nicola Finetti, L.A.M.B., Heatherette, Betsey Johnson, Trelise Cooper, Jets, John Richmond, Blumarine Swimwear, Neiman Marcus, Seafolly Swimwear, Anna Molinari, Rock and Republic, Roberto Cavalli, and Ober Jeans.[2] Kerr was also booked for print in magazines such as Elle, Australian Vogue and Harper's Bazaar, and was featured in television advertisements for brands like Portmans, Bonds, and Veet.[5][9]

In early 2006, Kerr appeared in the finale episode of the TV show Project Runway, modelling clothes for contestant Daniel Vosovic's final collection. She was the first woman to walk down the catwalk. She debuted with the United States market when she signed a lucrative cosmetics contract with Maybelline New York. The campaign ran in a series of internationally sold women's beauty magazines, including Cosmopolitan, CLEO, and Elle, and was eventually featured in Victoria's Secret catalogues.[9] Along with several other Victoria's Secret and Next agency models, Kerr was also featured in a music video for the single "Number One" by artists Kanye West and Pharrell.[5]

2007–2012 Following her success with Maybelline,[9] Kerr became the first Australian model to be offered a contract with Victoria's Secret in 2007, replacing Gisele Bündchen. Upon her acceptance, she became the first ever Australian Victoria's Secret Angel[12] joining the stable of models already signed to the lingerie giant, including Alessandra Ambrosio, Karolína Kurková, Adriana Lima, Selita Ebanks, Izabel Goulart, and Heidi Klum. Before becoming an Angel in 2007, Kerr was already picked to become the successor of Alessandra Ambrosio as the face of PINK in 2006. Kerr's popularity continued to increase as one of the globally recognised Angels when she appeared in the Victoria's Secret 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009 televised runway shows, which aired on four continents.[9]

Kerr at the AACTA Awards in Sydney, Australia In 2007, Kerr signed on as the face of Californian fashion retailer Arden B. After debuting in their spring and summer ad campaigns, Kerr returned for their fall 2007 campaign, shot by fashion photographer Diego Uchitel.[5] Following her modeling success with Victoria's Secret, Kerr made a small guest appearance in the CBS sitcom How I Met Your Mother alongside fellow Angels Adriana Lima, Marisa Miller, Alessandra Ambrosio, Heidi Klum and Selita Ebanks.[5]

She also became the new face of Clinique Happy and signed a six-figure deal to be the new face of Australian department store David Jones, replacing model Megan Gale.[13] In 2008, in which she had earned an estimated $3.5 million in the previous 12 months, Forbes placed Kerr No. 10 in the list of the world's top-earning models.[14]

Since 2009, Kerr was in the spring/summer ad campaign for XOXO.[15] She was in Forbes 2009 list of the world's highest-paid models, ranking at No. 9 with estimated earnings of $3 million.[16] She left NEXT Model Management and signed with IMG Models.[17] Kerr posed nude on the cover of Rolling Stone Australia's July 2009 issue.[18] She then ended the year walking in the annual Victoria's Secret Fashion Show.[17]

In October 2009, Kerr launched her own brand of organic skincare products, KORA Organics, with George Moskos,[19][better source needed] and became the face for the company.[15]

In June 2009, Kerr posed naked, chained to a tree, for an issue of Rolling Stone Australia, to raise awareness for the endangered koalas.[18] In August 2010, Kerr released an inspirational self-esteem, self-help book, Treasure Yourself. Treasure Yourself is aimed at female teenagers.[citation needed]

She appeared in the 2010 Pirelli Calendar photographed by Terry Richardson in Bahia, Brazil.[20] Previously better known for her Victoria's Secret status rather than her high fashion work, Balenciaga is credited for launching her high fashion modelling career when casting directors Ashley Brokaw and Nicolas Ghesquière chose her to walk exclusively for the brand's spring 2010 runway show.[21] It was her first designer fashion show, aside from Victoria's Secret, since 2007.[2] A season later she walked for design company Prada for their fall 2010 collection in Milan alongside fellow Angels Doutzen Kroes and Alessandra Ambrosio.[22] Kerr then modelled for campaigns for Prada and Jil Sander, and was shot by Steven Meisel for the cover of Italian Vogue for September.[21] She appeared on the Forbes 2010 list of the world's highest-paid models, ranking at No. 9 where she earned $4 million.[23]

In January 2011, Kerr became the first pregnant model for Vogue when featured in Vogue Australia, being six months pregnant at the time of the shoot.[24][dead link][citation needed] In March she hit the catwalk for Balenciaga's fall 2011 ready-to-wear collection as part of Paris Fashion Week, two months after giving birth.[25][better source needed] Kerr also posed nude for a 2011 Harper's Bazaar photo shoot.[26] In October at Paris Fashion Week SS12 she walked the runway for Christian Dior, Lanvin, Chanel, John Galliano, Stella McCartney, Viktor & Rolf and Loewe.[27] Kerr was chosen to present the $2.5 million Victoria's Secret Fantasy Treasure Bra for their fashion show in November 2011.[28]

In January 2012, she was named ambassador for Qantas.[29] In November, she was named the new face of high street brand Mango, replacing Kate Moss for its spring/summer 2013 campaign.[30][31] Kerr placed at No. 7 in Forbes 2012 list of the world's highest-paid models with earnings of $4 million.[32]

2013-present In March 2013, negotiations to renew her five-year contract with David Jones "fell through," leading to a peaceful split between the two parties.[33] The following month, it was reported that Kerr's three-year, $1-million contract with Victoria's Secret was not being renewed. Anonymous sources claimed Kerr had a "difficult reputation" and was not "a big seller for VS"; however, Kerr's camp stated she was unable to commit the necessary time to the brand. In response, Victoria's Secret chief marketing officer Ed Razek stated he had already invited Kerr to walk in that year's fashion show.[34][35]

She was ranked No. 2 in Forbes 2013 list of the world's highest-paid models, with estimated earnings of $7.2 million which is $3.2 million more and a jump of five places in the list from the previous year.[36] In October, Kerr was named the face of Austrian crystal house Swarovski for their fall 2013 compaign,[37] and that December she starred in social shopping website ShopStyle's first national campaign.[38]

In February 2014, Kerr replaced Gisele Bundchen as the face of Swedish clothing brand H&M. She then featured in high-profile campaigns for Reebok and Wonderbra.[39] In March, Kerr opened and closed for Sonia Rykiel at Fall/Winter Paris Fashion Week.[40]

On 22 April 2014, Kerr released her first single online, featuring her and crooner Bobby Fox, in a cover of Elvis Presley's "You're The Boss".[41] Kerr also graced the cover of the May issue of Vogue Taiwan,[42] the July issue of Vogue Australia[43] and the November, 15th anniversary issue of Vogue Japan, shot by Mario Testino.[44] Kerr ranked No. 4 on the 2014 Forbes list of highest earning models, earning an estimated $7 million.[45]

Kerr graced the cover of the February 2015 issue of American Harper's Bazaar, shot by Richardson. She also covered the March issue of Australian Harper's Bazaar, shot by Kai Z Feng.[46][47]

Public image

Kerr in Perth on 21 February 2009 In February 2010, Kerr became the subject of global headlines when David Kiely, a banker at Macquarie Bank in Sydney, was caught viewing explicit photos of her on his computer while in the background of a colleague's live television interview with Channel 7. Within days, a clip of the interview uploaded onto YouTube received over 1.3 million hits.[48] Eventually, Kiely was suspended and an internet campaign launched on his behalf. Kerr herself gave him her backing: "I am told there is a petition to save his job, and of course I would sign it." The incident prompted a 100% increase in the number of Google searches for Kerr's name.[49] A few days after the incident, Macquarie Bank announced that Kiely would keep his job.[50]

Kerr has frequently been said to be one of the sexiest women in the world. Models.com ranks her number 4 on the Top 20 sexiest models.[51] She has been ranked in FHM's '100 Sexiest Women' poll at No. 56 in 2009, No. 36 in 2010, No. 44 in 2011, No. 51 in 2012, No. 56 in 2013 and No. 48 in 2014.[52] Kerr was named one of the "100 Hottest Women of All-Time" by Men's Health beating the likes of Audrey Hepburn, Grace Kelly and Sophia Loren.[53] She was named "Sexiest Woman Alive 2012" by Esquire UK.[54] She has also regularly ranked on AskMen's list of Top 99 Women coming in at No. 19 in 2008, No. 46 in 2009, No. 10 in 2010, No. 5 in 2011, No. 25 in 2012, No. 6 in 2013 and No. 46 in 2014.[55]

Kerr's model trademark is her dimples. Celebrity photographer Russell James stated:

The US has fallen in love with her. We love her because she has the most incredible girl-next-door look and she's also insanely beautiful. It means women are not intimidated by her looks and guys think they might be able to talk to her. It's a fantastic combination ... people want to be around her; she's fun on a shoot … and she's not stupid, which can be a very annoying trait among some models.[citation needed]

Model agent Ursula Hufnagl described Kerr as "the perfect endorsement", citing her ability to "truly sell a product".[9]

Personal life In 2003, Kerr began dating finance broker Adrian Camilleri. Following an Australian Securities and Investments Commission investigation, Camilleri was found guilty on five counts of fraudulent behaviour from February 2003 to February 2004. Kerr subsequently ended the relationship. A 2007 newspaper report claims that Kerr suffered financially "after taking her boyfriend's financial advice" but chose not to take legal action.[56]

She formerly dated Jay Lyon (Brent Tuhtan), the lead singer of the band Tamarama, who has made appearances on season one of the MTV series The City. Kerr starred in Tamarama's video clip for "Everything To Me". The two began dating in 2003 and had a four-year relationship, which ended amicably in mid-2007.[57]

Kerr began dating English actor Orlando Bloom in late 2007.[58] In 2009, a gang of thieves known as the Bling Ring broke into Bloom's home. The group stole luxury brand clothing and jewellery. In this case, the ringleader allegedly wanted Kerr's Victoria's Secret lingerie.[59] Kerr and Bloom announced their engagement in June 2010,[60] and they were married the following month.[61] Kerr gave birth to their son, Flynn Christopher Blanchard Copeland Bloom, on 6 January 2011.[62][63][64] The middle name Christopher comes from Kerr's deceased ex-boyfriend,[65] Christopher Middlebrook[66] who died in a car accident in 1998[citation needed]. In October 2013, Kerr and Bloom announced that they had separated several months earlier, and intend to end their marriage.[67]

In response to claims that Kerr is a practicing Buddhist, she told The Telegraph, "I'm not Buddhist. I'm Christian. I pray every day. I meditate every day and I do yoga. I'm not religious, I'm spiritual. And praying is something my grandmother taught me as well. To pray and be grateful, have gratitude, is a big thing for me."[68][69] She later told Into The Gloss:

I like to pray and I like to meditate. Doing just three minutes of prayer and a minimum of five minutes meditation twice a day sets the tone—like an arrow so that you're hitting your target. When I pray I always thank Mother Nature for all the beauty in the world; it's about having an attitude of gratitude. And then I pray to Christ to say, 'Thank you for this day and my family and my health,' and now that I'm older I've added, 'Please illuminate me. Please open my heart chakra. Open my aperture and uplift my consciousness so that I can be the best version of myself.'[70]

She credits meditation, speaking with friends, and writing as ways of dealing with challenges such as Middlebrook's death,[68] and "makes it a priority to pray about forgiving herself and others."[71]

References ^ Maresca, Rachel. "Orlando Bloom speaks out on Miranda Kerr separation: 'Life sometimes doesn't work out exactly as we plan'". New York: NY Daily News. Retrieved 14 December 2013. ^ a b c d e f Miranda Kerr at the Fashion Model Directory ^ "Miranda Kerr". People.com. Retrieved 7 November 2013. ^ Kerr, Miranda (3 December 2012). Treasure Yourself: Power Thoughts for My Generation. London: Hay House. ISBN 9781401941895. ^ a b c d e f g Miranda Kerr OneThousandModels. Retrieved 26 April 2008. ^ Rachel Brown (11 July 2010). Is Miranda Kerr pregnant?. The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 1 September 2010. ^ Miranda's blog. PortmansComAu. Retrieved 26 April 2008. ^ "I'm pretty much just Australian – obviously, in my blood, there's a lot of English, I have Scottish, I have a little bit of French, I have English." ^ a b c d e f g h Elissa Blake (11 November 2007). Miranda's Model Life[dead link] The Daily Telegraph Australia. Retrieved 26 April 2008. ^ Miranda Kerr Childhood Photos. Childhood Photos rare Collections ^ Melissa Field (8 October 2009). Miranda's Kerr-Ching! factor. The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 4 April 2012. ^ Miranda Kerr.. Retrieved 3 March 2010. ^ Holly Byrnes (3 April 2008). David Jones is Kerr's new darling. News.com.au. Retrieved 26 April 2008. ^ Kiri Blakeley (30 April 2008). In Pictures: The World's 15 Top-Earning Models −10 Forbes. Retrieved 27 May 2008. ^ a b Miranda Kerr – Advertising. Models.com. Retrieved 28 October 2011. ^ Lauren Streib (27 May 2009). The World's Top-Earning Models −9. Forbes. Retrieved 10 October 2011. ^ a b Miranda Kerr – Fashion Model. New York. Retrieved 28 October 2011. ^ a b Stuart Pink (1 June 2009). Miranda Kerr strips naked for the koalas. The Sun. Retrieved 16 October 2010. ^ KORA Organics by Miranda Kerr. Koraorganics.com. Retrieved 28 October 2011. ^ Gabriel Bell (18 June 2009). Terry Richardson and Most of the World's Models Gang Up for Pirelli Calendar 2010. New York. Retrieved 21 February 2011. ^ a b James Lim (26 September 2011). Prada or Balenciaga: Who Carries More Weight in Modeling?. New York. Retrieved 6 October 2011. ^ Prada's Fashion Show Gets Heavenly (1 March 2010). CocoPerez.com. Retrieved 15 October 2010. ^ "http://www.forbes.com/2010/05/12/top-earning-models-business-entertainment-models_slide_18.html". ^ Miranda Kerr is Vogue's first pregnant cover mode. Novafm.com.au. Retrieved 28 October 2011. ^ Maysa Rawa (4 March 2011). They don't call her super for nothing: Miranda Kerr is back on the catwalk just TWO months after giving birth. Daily Mail. Retrieved 6 March 2011. ^ "Miranda Kerr nude pic in Harper's Bazaar shows her post-baby career is shaping up gorgeously" (7 October 2011). The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 10 October 2011. ^ Miranda Kerr – Shows. Models.com. Retrieved 3 August 2012. ^ Ariana Finlayson (19 October 2011). "See Miranda Kerr's $2.5 Million Bra". Us Magazine. Retrieved 8 January 2012. ^ Fiona Byrne (13 January 2012). Does model Miranda Kerr have what it takes to get Qantas soaring again?. Retrieved 3 August 2012. ^ "Miranda Kerr takes over as Mango rep". Sky News. Retrieved 24 November 2012. ^ Adams, Chanel. "Miranda Kerr takes over as the new face of Mango". Examiner. ^ "http://www.forbes.com/pictures/eimh45elij/no-7-miranda-kerr/". ^ Krupnick, Ellie (22 March 2013). "Miranda Kerr 'Breaks Up' With David Jones, Replaced By Jessica Gomes & Montana Cox". Huffington Post. Retrieved 14 April 2013. ^ "Miranda Kerr Reportedly Dropped As VS Angel; Kate Upton and Diddy May Be Dating". Daily Beast. Retrieved 14 April 2013. ^ "Miranda Kerr leaving Victoria's Secret, 3 months/year too big a commitment". Fox News Channel. 11 April 2013. Retrieved 14 April 2013. ^ Le, Vanna (19 August 2013). "The World's Highest-Paid Models, 2013: Gisele's Earnings Down, Kerr's Are Up". Forbes.com. Retrieved 31 October 2013. ^ Hamilton, Carmen. "Behind the scenes on Miranda Kerr's next major campaign". Vogue Australia. Retrieved 31 October 2013. ^ Sugar, Lisa. "Miranda Kerr Is the New Face of ShopStyle". PopSugar. Retrieved 28 March 2014. ^ Evans, Laura. "She really is selfie obsessed! Miranda Kerr poses, pouts and snaps about in flirty new H&M ad". The Daily Mail (London). Retrieved 28 March 2014. ^ "It's the catwalk not the llama strut: Miranda Kerr heads down the runway in Paris wearing over-the-top animal style gillet". The Daily Mail (London). Retrieved 28 March 2014. ^ Madeline Boardman (22 April 2014). "Miranda Kerr Sings on "You're the Boss" with Bobby Fox: Listen to Supermodel's Debut Single". Us Weekly. Retrieved 25 April 2014. ^ "She won't be single for long! Miranda Kerr flaunts her sizzling cleavage on the cover of Vogue Taiwan's May issue". The Daily Mail. 29 April 2014. Retrieved 20 June 2015. ^ "Watch: Miranda Kerr for Vogue Australia". Vogue Australia. 16 June 2014. Retrieved 20 June 2015. ^ "Miranda Kerr's Vogue Japan Photshoot Draws Criticism". Huffington Post. 30 September 2014. Retrieved 20 June 2015. ^ "The World's Highest-Paid Models 2014". Forbes. Retrieved 20 June 2015. ^ Brown, Laura. "Kerr Boom!". Harper's Bazaar USA. Retrieved 20 June 2015. ^ "Miranda Kerr is Our March 2015 Cover Star". Harper's Bazaar Australia. Retrieved 20 June 2015. ^ "Campaigners rally to save 'racy pics' banker Dave's job" (4 February 2010). CNN. Retrieved 16 October 2010. ^ "Australia banker caught viewing erotic photos keeps job". (5 February 2010). BBC News. Retrieved 5 February 2010. ^ "Miranda Kerr's banker fan David Kiely to keep job" (5 February 2010). The Courier-Mail. Retrieved 1 September 2010. ^ Top Sexiest models. Models.com. Retrieved 30 November 2011. ^ Miranda Kerr. FHM. Retrieved 28 October 2011. ^ The 100 Hottest Women of All-Time (2011). Men's Health. Retrieved 3 January 2012. ^ "Miranda Kerr – Exclusive Video". Esquire UK. Retrieved 2 November 2012. ^ "#6 Miranda Kerr". AskMen. Retrieved 13 December 2012. ^ Kerr's ex Guilty (10 June 2009). The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 6 November 2012. ^ Jonathon Moran (11 November 2007). Miranda Kerr single but love may Bloom. The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 1 September 2010. ^ Orlando Bloom Meets Miranda Kerr's Parents (28 April 2008). People. Retrieved 27 September 2013. ^ Nancy Jo Sales (20 October 2009). The Suspects Wore Louboutins. Vanity Fair. Retrieved 16 October 2010. ^ It's official! Orlando Bloom and Miranda Kerr are engaged. (21 June 2010) NY Daily News. Retrieved 1 September 2010. ^ Orlando Bloom and Miranda Kerr Secretly Marry! (22 July 2010). People. Retrieved 7 July 2008. ^ Sarah Michaud (19 January 2011). Miranda Kerr: I Had a Baby Boy with Orlando Bloom!. People. Retrieved 19 January 2011. ^ Eamonn Duff (9 January 2011). It's a baby boy for KerrBloom. The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 8 January 2011. ^ Miranda Kerr Names Flynn After Late Boyfriend. celebritybabies.eople.com. Retrieved 28 October 2011. ^ Flynn Christopher Bloom: A Son for Miranda Kerr and Orlando Bloom. Waltzing More Than Matilda. Retrieved 28 October 2011. ^ At home with Miranda Kerr – the Telegraph.com.au ^ Miranda Kerr and Orlando Bloom Split. The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 25 October 2013. ^ a b Grose, Jessica. "Miranda Kerr: everyone's cup of tea?". The Telegraph. Retrieved 22 August 2014. ^ "Miranda Kerr: 'I'm Christian' and 'I pray every day'". Fox News. 12 May 2014. Retrieved 21 August 2014. Kerr also took the opportunity to clarify her religion, which has often been misreported. "…I'm not Buddhist. Orlando is," she told The Telegraph. "I'm Christian." ^ "Miranda Kerr's 7 Rules For Adulthood". Into The Gloss. Retrieved 22 August 2014. ^ Martinez, Jessica (19 August 2014). "Supermodel Miranda Kerr Says Prayer, Gratitude, Forgiveness Are Daily Rules She Lives By". The Christian Post. Retrieved 21 August 2014. The Australian model says she is Christian despite previous reports that she is a practicing Buddhist and believes in the power of forgiveness even in the "little things like looking at someone the wrong way, or snapping at someone." She also notes that she makes it a priority to pray about forgiving herself and others because when she does, it creates an "energy shift" in her life. "Even those that we find challenging to be around are sometimes the people that need the prayers the most," said Kerr. "If you've had an intense conversation with someone, a good thing to do would be to say to them, 'I forgive you, and please forgive me.' We all say things sometimes to hurt people, so it's important to forgive and have peace …" External links Official website Miranda Kerr at the Internet Movie Database Miranda Kerr at the Fashion Model Directory Miranda Kerr at Models.com Read in another language Wikipedia^®® MobileDesktop Content is available under CC BY-SA 3.0 unless otherwise noted. Terms of UsePrivacy

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Last modified on 1 August 2015, at 16:17 Watch this page Nazi Party This article is about the German Nazi Party that existed from 1920–1945. For the ideology, see Nazism. For other Nazi Parties, see Nazi Party (disambiguation). National Socialist German Workers' Party Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei Emblem of the National Socialist German Workers' Party Party Chairman Anton Drexler (1920–1921) Adolf Hitler (1921–1945) Martin Bormann (1945) Founder Anton Drexler Slogan "Ein Volk, ein Reich, ein Führer" (unofficial) Founded February 24, 1920 Dissolved 1945 Preceded by German Workers' Party Headquarters Munich, Germany[1] Newspaper Völkischer Beobachter Student wing National Socialist German Students' League Youth wing Hitler Youth

Deutsches Jungvolk League of German Girls Paramilitary wings Sturmabteilung Schutzstaffel Sports organization Nationalsozialistischer Reichsbund für Leibesübungen Women's organization National Socialist Women's League Membership Fewer than 60 (1920) 8.5 million (1945)[2] Ideology National Socialism Antisemitism Pan-Germanism Political position Far-right[3][4] Colors Black, White, Red[5] Brown (customary) Party flag Parteiflagge Politics of Germany Political parties Elections The National Socialist German Workers' Party (German: About this sound Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei , abbreviated NSDAP), commonly referred to in English as the Nazi Party (/ˈnɑːtsi/), was a political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945 that practised Nazism. Its predecessor, the German Workers' Party (DAP), existed from 1919 to 1920.

The party emerged from the German nationalist, racist and populist Freikorps paramilitary culture, which fought against the communist uprisings in post-World War I Germany.[6] The party was created as a means to draw workers away from communism and into völkisch nationalism.[7] Initially, Nazi political strategy focused on anti-big business, anti-bourgeois, and anti-capitalist rhetoric, although such aspects were later downplayed in order to gain the support of industrial entities, and in the 1930s the party's focus shifted to anti-Semitic and anti-Marxist themes.[8]

Racism was central to Nazism. The Nazis propagated the idea of a "people's community" (Volksgemeinschaft) with the aim of uniting "racially desirable" Germans as national comrades, whilst excluding those deemed either to be political dissidents, physically or intellectually inferior, or of a foreign race (Fremdvölkische).[9] The Nazis sought to improve the stock of the Germanic people through racial purity and eugenics, broad social welfare programs, and a disregard for the value of individual life, which could be sacrificed for the good of the Nazi state and the "Aryan master race". To maintain the supposed purity and strength of the Aryan race, the Nazis sought to exterminate Jews, Romani, and the physically and mentally handicapped. They imposed exclusionary segregation on homosexuals, Africans, Jehovah's Witnesses, and political opponents.[10] The persecution reached its climax when the party-controlled German state organized the systematic murder of approximately six million Jews and five million people from the other targeted groups, in what has become known as the Holocaust.

The party's leader since 1921, Adolf Hitler, was appointed Chancellor of Germany by President Paul von Hindenburg in 1933. Hitler rapidly established a totalitarian regime[11][12][13][14] known as the Third Reich. Following the defeat of the Third Reich at the conclusion of World War II in Europe, the party was "declared to be illegal" by the Allied powers,[15] who performed denazification in the years after the war.

Etymology

History

Political program

Party composition

Regional administration

Membership

Party symbols

Slogans and songs

See also

Notes

References

External links

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Last modified on 6 August 2015, at 18:47 Watch this page Adolf Hitler "Hitler" redirects here. For other uses, see Hitler (disambiguation). Adolf Hitler Bundesarchiv Bild 183-S33882, Adolf Hitler retouched.jpg Hitler in 1938 Führer of Germany In office 2 August 1934 – 30 April 1945 Deputy Rudolf Hess (1933–41) Position vacant Preceded by Paul von Hindenburg (as President) Succeeded by Karl Dönitz (as President) Reich Chancellor of Germany In office 30 January 1933 – 30 April 1945 President Paul von Hindenburg (until 1934) Deputy Franz von Papen (1933–34) Position vacant Preceded by Kurt von Schleicher Succeeded by Joseph Goebbels Leader of the Nazi Party In office 29 June 1921 – 30 April 1945 Deputy Rudolf Hess Preceded by Anton Drexler Succeeded by Martin Bormann Personal details Born 20 April 1889 Braunau am Inn, Austria-Hungary Died 30 April 1945 (aged 56) Berlin, Germany Nationality Austrian citizen until 7 April 1925[1] German citizen after 25 February 1932 Political party National Socialist German Workers' Party (1921–45) Other political affiliations German Workers' Party (1920–21) Spouse(s) Eva Braun (29–30 April 1945) Parents Alois Hitler (father) Klara Pölzl (mother) Occupation Politician Religion See: Religious views of Adolf Hitler Signature Military service Allegiance German Empire Service/branch Bavarian Army Years of service 1914–20 Rank Gefreiter Verbindungsmann Unit 16th Bavarian Reserve Regiment Reichswehr intelligence Battles/wars World War I Awards Iron Cross First Class Iron Cross Second Class Wound Badge Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party (German: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP); National Socialist German Workers Party). He was Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As effective dictator of Nazi Germany, Hitler was at the centre of World War II in Europe and the Holocaust.

Hitler was a decorated veteran of World War I. He joined the precursor of the NSDAP, the German Workers' Party, in 1919 and became leader of the NSDAP in 1921. In 1923 he attempted a coup in Munich to seize power. The failed coup resulted in Hitler's imprisonment, during which time he wrote his autobiography and political manifesto Mein Kampf ("My Struggle"). After his release in 1924, Hitler gained popular support by attacking the Treaty of Versailles and promoting Pan-Germanism, anti-Semitism, and anti-communism with charismatic oratory and Nazi propaganda. Hitler frequently denounced international capitalism and communism as being part of a Jewish conspiracy.

Hitler's Nazi Party became the largest elected party in the German Reichstag, leading to his appointment as chancellor in 1933. Following fresh elections won by his coalition, the Reichstag passed the Enabling Act, which began the process of transforming the Weimar Republic into the Third Reich, a single-party dictatorship based on the totalitarian and autocratic ideology of National Socialism. Hitler aimed to eliminate Jews from Germany and establish a New Order to counter what he saw as the injustice of the post-World War I international order dominated by Britain and France. His first six years in power resulted in rapid economic recovery from the Great Depression, the denunciation of restrictions imposed on Germany after World War I, and the annexation of territories that were home to millions of ethnic Germans—actions which gave him significant popular support.

Hitler sought Lebensraum ("living space") for the German people. His aggressive foreign policy is considered to be the primary cause of the outbreak of World War II in Europe. He directed large-scale rearmament and on 1 September 1939 invaded Poland, resulting in British and French declarations of war on Germany. In June 1941, Hitler ordered an invasion of the Soviet Union. By the end of 1941 German forces and the European Axis powers occupied most of Europe and North Africa. Failure to defeat the Soviets and the entry of the United States into the war forced Germany onto the defensive and it suffered a series of escalating defeats. In the final days of the war, during the Battle of Berlin in 1945, Hitler married his long-time lover, Eva Braun. On 30 April 1945, less than two days later, the two committed suicide to avoid capture by the Red Army, and their corpses were burned.

Under Hitler's leadership and racially motivated ideology, the Nazi regime was responsible for the genocide of at least 5.5 million Jews and millions of other victims whom he and his followers deemed Untermenschen ("sub-humans") and socially undesirable. Hitler and the Nazi regime were also responsible for the killing of an estimated 19.3 million civilians and prisoners of war. In addition, 29 million soldiers and civilians died as a result of military action in the European Theatre of World War II. The number of civilians killed during the Second World War was unprecedented in warfare, and constitutes the deadliest conflict in human history.

Early years

Entry into politics

Rise to power

Third Reich

World War II

Leadership style

Legacy

Views on religion

Health

Family

In propaganda films

See also

Notes

References

External links

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